Normal Infant

Question 1

How big is the average male at 28 weeks and at term?

Answer 1

28 wks = 1150g (3.5% fat)

Term = 3550g (15% fat)

Question 2

What is the daily weight gain of the average male?

Answer 2

24g

Question 3

What are the components of a Transplacental transfer?

Answer 3

iron
Vitamins
Calcium
Phosphate
Antibodies

Question 4

What is defined as Term?

Answer 4

Between 37 and 41 weeks

Question 5

How does the baby survive the hypoxic environment during the contractions of labour?

Answer 5

Fetal Hb helps release oxygen

Question 6

What helps the fetus adapt?

Answer 6

Cortisol and adrenaline

Question 7

What happens in a babies first few minutes?

Answer 7

First breath/Cry
Alveolar expansion
Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure
Increased PaO2
Apgar score

Question 8

Describe the Apgar score

Answer 8

Out of 10
0, 1 or 2 per area
Normal = 8/10

Question 9

What areas does the Apgar score cover?

Answer 9

Heart rate
Resp rate
Responsiveness
Tone
Colour

Question 10

What change of feeds occurs in newborns?

Answer 10

Continuous glucose infusion to intermittent bolus eternal feeds

Question 11

What is important for establishing breast feeding?

Answer 11

Skin to skin contact

Question 12

What systems can Haemolytic Disease Newborn effect?

Answer 12

GI
Lung
CNS

Question 13

How do you treat Haemolytic Disease Newborn?

Answer 13

Vitamin K (IM or oral)

Question 14

What infections should be screened for in a newborn?

Answer 14

Hep B/C
HIV
TB

Question 15

What can be done for Hep C and TB?

Answer 15

Hep C - Vaccination
- Immunoglobulin
TB - BCG

Question 16

What can be done for Group B streptococcus?

Answer 16

Antibiotic prophylaxis

Question 17

What would you do for Syphilis, Gonorrhoea or chlamydia?

Answer 17

Treatment

Question 18

What vaccinations can be given early on in the infants life?

Answer 18

Hep B at birth
BCG in first month
Routine vaccinations at 8 months

Question 19

What vaccines can be given to the mother?

Answer 19

Whooping cough

Flu

Question 20

What screening tests are done to newborns?

Answer 20

Universal hearing tests
Hip screening (clinical and possible USS)
Cystic fibrosis
Metabolic - Thyroid, MCCAD, PKU, Haemoglobinopathies

Question 21

What examinations of the head are done?

Answer 21

OFC
Moulding
Overlapping
Fontanelles
Cephalohaematoma
Caput succedaneum
Ventouse/forceps marks

Question 22

What eye examinations are done?

Answer 22

Size
Red reflex
Conjunctival haemorrhage
Squints - frequent

Question 23

What ear examinations are done?

Answer 23

Position
External auditory canal
FHx of hearing loss
Tags/pits

Question 24

What mouth examinations are done?

Answer 24

Shape
Philtrum
Tongue tie
Palate
Neonatal teeth
Ebsteins pearls
Sucking/rooting reflex

Question 25

What should be looked for in the face?

Answer 25

facial palsy

Dysmophism

Question 26

What respiratory checks should be looked for?

Answer 26

Chest shape
nasal flaring
Grunting
Tachypnoea
In-drawing
Breath sounds

Question 27

What Cardiovascular problems should be checked for?

Answer 27

Colour
Saturation
Pulses:femoral
Apex/thrills
Heart sounds

Question 28

What abdominal things should be checked for?

Answer 28

Moves with respiration
Distension
Bile stained vomiting
Passage of meconuim
Anus

Question 29

What genitourinary checks should be done?

Answer 29

Normal passage of urine
Normal genitalia
Undescended testes
Hypospadius

Question 30

What MSK things should be checked?

Answer 30

Limbs and digits
Movement
Contractures
Spine
Sacral dimples
Hip examination (Ortalani, barlow)

Question 31

What neurological things should be tested?

Answer 31

Posture
Tone
Movement
Reflexes

Question 32

What skin checks should be done?

Answer 32

Dryness/Cracking
Milia
Birth marks
Erythema toxicum