Normal Infant Flashcards
How big is the average male at 28 weeks and at term?
28 wks = 1150g (3.5% fat)
Term = 3550g (15% fat)
What is the daily weight gain of the average male?
24g
What are the components of a Transplacental transfer?
iron Vitamins Calcium Phosphate Antibodies
What is defined as Term?
Between 37 and 41 weeks
How does the baby survive the hypoxic environment during the contractions of labour?
Fetal Hb helps release oxygen
What helps the fetus adapt?
Cortisol and adrenaline
What happens in a babies first few minutes?
First breath/Cry Alveolar expansion Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure Increased PaO2 Apgar score
Describe the Apgar score
Out of 10
0, 1 or 2 per area
Normal = 8/10
What areas does the Apgar score cover?
Heart rate Resp rate Responsiveness Tone Colour
What change of feeds occurs in newborns?
Continuous glucose infusion to intermittent bolus eternal feeds
What is important for establishing breast feeding?
Skin to skin contact
What systems can Haemolytic Disease Newborn effect?
GI
Lung
CNS
How do you treat Haemolytic Disease Newborn?
Vitamin K (IM or oral)
What infections should be screened for in a newborn?
Hep B/C
HIV
TB
What can be done for Hep C and TB?
Hep C - Vaccination
- Immunoglobulin
TB - BCG
What can be done for Group B streptococcus?
Antibiotic prophylaxis
What would you do for Syphilis, Gonorrhoea or chlamydia?
Treatment
What vaccinations can be given early on in the infants life?
Hep B at birth
BCG in first month
Routine vaccinations at 8 months
What vaccines can be given to the mother?
Whooping cough
Flu
What screening tests are done to newborns?
Universal hearing tests
Hip screening (clinical and possible USS)
Cystic fibrosis
Metabolic - Thyroid, MCCAD, PKU, Haemoglobinopathies
What examinations of the head are done?
OFC Moulding Overlapping Fontanelles Cephalohaematoma Caput succedaneum Ventouse/forceps marks
What eye examinations are done?
Size
Red reflex
Conjunctival haemorrhage
Squints - frequent
What ear examinations are done?
Position
External auditory canal
FHx of hearing loss
Tags/pits
What mouth examinations are done?
Shape Philtrum Tongue tie Palate Neonatal teeth Ebsteins pearls Sucking/rooting reflex
What should be looked for in the face?
facial palsy
Dysmophism
What respiratory checks should be looked for?
Chest shape nasal flaring Grunting Tachypnoea In-drawing Breath sounds
What Cardiovascular problems should be checked for?
Colour Saturation Pulses:femoral Apex/thrills Heart sounds
What abdominal things should be checked for?
Moves with respiration Distension Bile stained vomiting Passage of meconuim Anus
What genitourinary checks should be done?
Normal passage of urine
Normal genitalia
Undescended testes
Hypospadius
What MSK things should be checked?
Limbs and digits Movement Contractures Spine Sacral dimples Hip examination (Ortalani, barlow)
What neurological things should be tested?
Posture
Tone
Movement
Reflexes
What skin checks should be done?
Dryness/Cracking
Milia
Birth marks
Erythema toxicum
