Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1a4a. Child Health > Sick Neonatal Infants > Flashcards

Sick Neonatal Infants Flashcards

1
Q

Name some causes of death of neonates…

A 
Pneumonia
Prematurity
Birth asphyxia and birth trauma
Neonatal sepsis
Congential anomalies
Neonatal tetnus
Other conditions
Diarrhoes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What maternal history do we want to gain from a sick baby?

A

PMH
Pregancy issues
Drugs
Infection risks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What foetal history do we want to to get for a sick baby?

A

Foetal growth
Foetal anomalies
Delivery
Resuscitation?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do we look for when inspecting a sick baby?

A 
Tone
Level of arousal
Colour
Heart Rate
Perfusion
Respiratory rate
Work of breathing
Saturation
Jaundice?
Seizures?
Poor feeding?
Bilious vomit?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the initial management of a sick baby?

A

T - temperature
A - airway - head in neutral position; airway obstruction
B - breathing
C - circulation - fluids?
Metabolic homeostasis - glucose management; acid-base balance
Antibiotics - sepsis is always a differential in an unwell baby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What factors can cause babies to get sick?

A

Pregnancy/birth related
Congenital anomalies
Infection
Metabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does sepsis present?

A

NON-SPECIFIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are common sites of neonatal infection?

A 
Blood stream - bacteraemia/septicaemia
CNS - meningitis
Respiratory - pneumonia
GI - UTI; necrotising enterocolitis
Skin
Bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What antibiotic should be given to the infected baby?

A

BENZYLPENICILLIN

GENTAMICIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the common bacterial pathogens in an infected baby?

A

GBS
E. Coli
Staph Aureus
Staph Epidermidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the common viral pathogens in neonates?

A

Cytomegalovirus
Parovirus
Herpes virus
Enteroviruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the cause of transient tachypnoea of the newborn?

A

Due to delay in clearing lung fluid - most common in caesarean section.
Normally adrenaline causes the interstitial tissue in the lungs to absorb this fluid through Na channels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What may cause a pneumothorax in the neonate?

A

Spontaneous

Secondary to - resuscitation; infection; meconium; surfactant deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the x-ray appearance of respiratory distress syndrome?

A

Ground glass appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is meconium aspiration syndrome?

A

When a newborn breathes a mixture of meconium and amniotic fluid into the lungs around the time of delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy?

A

Multi organ damage due to tissue hypoxia - therapeutic hypothermia is neuroprotective

17
Q

When does congential heart disease present in the neonate?

A

A few days after birth

18
Q

What are causes of hydrops foetalis (heart failure in utero)?

A

Rhesus disease
Chromosomal abnormalities
Idiopathic

19
Q

What is persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn?

A

High pulmonary pressure prevents blood from going to the lungs

20
Q

What are the causes of PPHN?

A

Prolonged illness
Meconium Aspiration
Diaphragmatic Hernia

21
Q

What do we use to treat PPHN?

A

Nitric Oxide - reduces pulmonary pressure

ECMO if case is severe

22
Q

What are presentations of congenital heart disease?

A 
Tachypnoea - without respiratory distress
Cyanosis - may not be responsive to O2
Murmur - not same as PDA
Weak femoral pulses
Circulatory collapse
23
Q

When would circulatory collapse become apparent in the neonate?

A

Once the PDA has closed; there is no route for the blood to flow therefore causing circulatory collapse

24
Q

What are examples of CHD?

A 
Tetralogy of fallot
Transposition of great arteries
Coarctation of the aorta
Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage
Hypoplastic heart
25
Q

What are the conditions in tetralogy of fallot?

A

Ventricular Septal Defect
Overriding Aorta
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Pulmonary Stenosis

26
Q

What are congential respiratory conditions?

A

Tracheo-oesophageal fistula - commonly occurs with oesophageal atresia
Diaphragmatic hernia

27
Q

What can describe the term ‘floppy baby’?

A

Rag doll like

28
Q

What areas may be affected to cause floppiness?

A 
Cortex
Spinal cord
Anterior horn cells/motor neurons
Neuromuscular junction
Muscles

1a4a. Child Health (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions