Paediatric Global Health

Question 1

What is the definition of the under 5 mortality rate?

Answer 1

Probability of a child dying before reaching the age of 1

Question 2

What is the definition of the infant mortality rate?

Answer 2

Probability of a child dying before reaching the age of 1

Question 3

What are the top 5 causes of under 5 mortality globally?

Answer 3

Preterm birth complications e.g. neonatal sepsis; congenital abnormalities
Pneumonia
Intrapartum-related complications e.g. birth asphyxia
Congenital abnormalities
Diarrhoea

Question 4

What simple measures can be effective for newborns?

Answer 4

Antenatal care - tetanus vaccine; treatment of maternal infection
Steroids for preterm labour
Skilled birth attendant present
Antibiotics for sepsis and pneumonia

Question 5

What measures can be taken to prevent deaths in under 5s?

Answer 5

Immediate and exclusive breastfeeding
Skilled attendants for antenatal, birth and postnatal care
Access to nutrition and micronutrients
Family knowledge of danger signs in child health
Water, sanitation and hygiene
Immunisations

Question 6

How can HIV be transmitted to babies?

Answer 6

Pregnancy
Delivery
Breastfeeding