Paediatric Nutrition Flashcards
What is the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)?
Estimate for the mean requirement of energy of the population
What is the Reference Nutrient Intake?
The amount of a nutrient that will be adequate for 97.5% of the population
What is the Lower Reference Nutrient Intake?
Amount of a nutrient that would be sufficient for only 2.5% of the population
What is the RNI for protein in infants?
12.7g to 14.5g
Why is calcium required in the diet?
Teeth and bone mineralisation Nerve Impulse Transmission Wound Healing Cellular Metabolism Muscle Contraction
When do infants begin to require iron in there diet?
After 6 months
When should infants be started on solid food?
6 months
What are the health benefits of breastfeeding?
Reduced infections Reduced diarrhoea and vomiting Reduced SIDs Reduced Childhood Obesity Reduced CVD in adulthood Higher IQ
What is the definition of obesity?
Abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health - it results from a long term positive energy imbalance
Why should BMI not be used when considering the weight of children?
Growth in height is not always matched by a proportionate increase in weight
When are children considered at risk of obesity or overweight?
> 85th centile = at risk of overweight
>95th centile = at risk of obesity
When are children considered obese or overweight?
> 91st centile = overweight
>98th centile = clinical obesity
What are risk factors for being overweight at 3 years?
Parental overweight Black ethnicity Greater birthweight Smoking during pregnancy Lone motherhood Prepregnancy obesity Full-time employment Solid foods < 4 months
What are some genetic causes of severe obesity?
Prader-willi syndrome
Bardet-biedl syndrome
What are some co-morbidities of being overweight?
Metabolic syndrome Respiratory problems Hip and knee problems Diabetes CHD Sleep apnoea Hypertension
