Immunisations Flashcards
When do B cells produce antigens?
Triggered to produce antibodies when they encounter a foreign antigen
How do the T cells aid in the production of antigens?
They orchestrate the response of the immune system by binding to other cells and sending out signals
What is passive immunity?
Transfer of pre formed antibodies (immunoglobulins)
What are the aims of immunisation?
Prevent onset of disease
Interrupt disease transmission
Alter the course of infection
Limit consequences of disease
What are the immunological mechanisms?
Active immunity
Passive immunity
Herd immunity
What are the methods of passive immunity?
Placental transfer
Antibodies from blood donors
Human normal Ig
Specific Ig
What are the different types of vaccine?
Live virus vaccine
Inactivated vaccines
What are the different types of inactivated vaccines?
Suspensions of killed organisms - live attenuated; inactivates
Subunit vaccines - recombinant proteins; toxoid;
Conjugate vaccines
What are some of the contraindications to vaccination?
Confirmed anaphylaxis to the same antigen or vaccine component
Live vaccines - immunosuppression; pregnancy
Severe latex allergy
Acute or evolving illness
What is the purpose of the routine vaccination schedule?
To provide early protection against infections that are most dangerous for the very young
What is in the hexavalent childhood vaccination?
Diptheria Tetanus Pertussis Polio Haemophilus Inluenza Type B Hepatitis B
What is a public health notification?
Legal duty of medical practitioners to notify health board on clinical suspicion of specified diseases of a health risk state posing significant public health risk
What is diptheria?
An upper respiratory tract infection characterized by sore throat and a low grade fever - there are white, adherent membranes on the tonsils, pharynx or nasal cavity
What is meningococcal disease?
Invasive infection due to neisseria meningitidis - this can cause meningitis; speticaemia or a combination
Person-to-person spread through respiratory droplets
What is PHASE 1 of the production of a new vaccine?
Is it safe?
Is it immunogenic?
