Sick infant - full term

Question 1

What are the most common bacterial infections post natal?

Answer 1

Group B strep
E. coli
Listeria Myocytogenes
Staph Aureus 
Staph epidermidis - especially if they have cannulas / central lines

Question 2

What serious GI infection must you rule out?

Answer 2

Necrotising Enterocolitis

Question 3

What virus is considered very serious in the antenatal phase?

Answer 3

CMV

Question 4

What is the most common viruses affecting children post natal?

Answer 4

Herpes Simplex Virus
Enterovirus
Parvovirus

Question 5

What method of assessment is carried out immediately after the baby is born?

Answer 5

APGAR

Question 6

What is a common respiratory problem in a newborn?

Answer 6

Transient tachypnoea of the newborn

TTN

Question 7

What causes TTN?

Answer 7

Excess fluid in the lungs which hasn’t been properly squeezed out
Common in babies born by C-Section

Question 8

What is one of the risks of active ventilation?

Answer 8

Pneumothorax

Question 9

What is a common respiratory condition in premature babies and why does it happen?

Answer 9

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Lack of alveolar maturity - no production of surfactant to lubricate the lungs

Question 10

What condition occurs when a new-born’s circulation fails to adapt to life outside the womb?

Answer 10

Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn

PPHN

Question 11

List 5 congenital cardiac disease’s that may be seen in a newborn?

Answer 11

Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of great arteries
Coartication of aorta 
Hypoplastic heart
TAVPD - total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage

Question 12

What congenital conditions in a newborn can affect the respiratory tract?

Answer 12

Tracheo-oesophageal fistula

Diaphragmatic hernia

Question 13

What symptoms would you see in a baby with hypoglycaemia?

Answer 13

Jittery movements
Sleepy
Poor feeding
Irritable
Most severe - seizures

Question 14

What can cause hypoglycaemia in a newborn?

Answer 14

Small for gestational age
Maternal diabetes
Evidence of more complex metabolic disorder

Question 15

What is a common sign of respiratory distress in new-born and why does this happen?

Answer 15

Subcostal recession

Ribs are very elastic and compliant

Question 16

How do babies try to maintain a pressure to keep their alveoli open and what clinical sound does this make

Answer 16

Breath against a closed glottis

Grunting sound heard

Question 17

Why do we do a skin swab for Group B strep?

Answer 17

Really hard to grow on a blood culture

Question 18

What does APGAR stand for?

Answer 18

Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration

Question 19

List some causes for neonatal seizures:

Answer 19

Hypoglycaemia
Hypoxic-ischaemia encephalopathy
Infection
Intercranial haemorrhage
Withdrawal from substance

Question 20

What is a common non invasive ventilation technique for neonates?

Answer 20

CPAP

continuous positive airway pressure

Question 21

What is exomphalos?

Answer 21

An abdominal wall defect which leads to the child’s intestines being outside the body, but covered by a thin membrane

Question 22

What % of cases of exomphalos are due to congenital conditions?

Answer 22

15%

Question 23

What is the prognosis for exomphalos?

Answer 23

If it hasn’t been caused by a chromosomal abnormality, prognosis is really good.