Sick infant - full term Flashcards
What are the most common bacterial infections post natal?
Group B strep E. coli Listeria Myocytogenes Staph Aureus Staph epidermidis - especially if they have cannulas / central lines
What serious GI infection must you rule out?
Necrotising Enterocolitis
What virus is considered very serious in the antenatal phase?
CMV
What is the most common viruses affecting children post natal?
Herpes Simplex Virus
Enterovirus
Parvovirus
What method of assessment is carried out immediately after the baby is born?
APGAR
What is a common respiratory problem in a newborn?
Transient tachypnoea of the newborn
TTN
What causes TTN?
Excess fluid in the lungs which hasn’t been properly squeezed out
Common in babies born by C-Section
What is one of the risks of active ventilation?
Pneumothorax
What is a common respiratory condition in premature babies and why does it happen?
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Lack of alveolar maturity - no production of surfactant to lubricate the lungs
What condition occurs when a new-born’s circulation fails to adapt to life outside the womb?
Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
PPHN
List 5 congenital cardiac disease’s that may be seen in a newborn?
Tetralogy of Fallot Transposition of great arteries Coartication of aorta Hypoplastic heart TAVPD - total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage
What congenital conditions in a newborn can affect the respiratory tract?
Tracheo-oesophageal fistula
Diaphragmatic hernia
What symptoms would you see in a baby with hypoglycaemia?
Jittery movements Sleepy Poor feeding Irritable Most severe - seizures
What can cause hypoglycaemia in a newborn?
Small for gestational age
Maternal diabetes
Evidence of more complex metabolic disorder
What is a common sign of respiratory distress in new-born and why does this happen?
Subcostal recession
Ribs are very elastic and compliant
How do babies try to maintain a pressure to keep their alveoli open and what clinical sound does this make
Breath against a closed glottis
Grunting sound heard
Why do we do a skin swab for Group B strep?
Really hard to grow on a blood culture
What does APGAR stand for?
Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration
List some causes for neonatal seizures:
Hypoglycaemia Hypoxic-ischaemia encephalopathy Infection Intercranial haemorrhage Withdrawal from substance
What is a common non invasive ventilation technique for neonates?
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
What is exomphalos?
An abdominal wall defect which leads to the child’s intestines being outside the body, but covered by a thin membrane
What % of cases of exomphalos are due to congenital conditions?
15%
What is the prognosis for exomphalos?
If it hasn’t been caused by a chromosomal abnormality, prognosis is really good.
