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Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What organism is predominant in the “healthy” vagina

A

Lactobacillus

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2
Q

What other organisms are present in the “normal” vaginal flora

A

Strep Viridans
Group B beta-haemolytic strep
Candida

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3
Q

List three examples of non-sexually transmitted genital tract infections

A

Candida infection
Bacterial Vaginosis
Prostatitis

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4
Q

Give 4 predisposing factors for candida infection

A

Recent antibiotic therapy
High oestrogen levels
Poorly controlled diabetes
Immunocompromised patients

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5
Q

Main clinical presentation of vaginal thrush/candida:

A

Intensely itchy, white, vaginal discharge

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6
Q

What is the treatment for candida infections:

A

Topical clotrimazole cream

Oral fluconazole

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7
Q

How does bacterial vaginosis occur?

A

Normal vaginal flora is replaced with abnormal anaerobes

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8
Q

What is the main anaerobe in in bacterial vaginosis?

A

Gardnerella Vaginosis

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9
Q

Describe the presentation of bacterial vaginosis:

A

Thin, watery, fishy-smelling vaginal discharge.

Elevated pH (>4.5)

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10
Q

How do you treat bacterial vaginosis:

A

Metronidazole orally

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11
Q

List 4 risks of bacterial vaginosis:

A

Premature rupture of membranes/preterm delivery
Increased risk of HIV
Endometriosis
Salpingitis

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12
Q

What is the most common bacterial STI in the UK?

A

Chlamydia Trachomatis

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13
Q

Where in the body can chlamydia infect?

A

Urethra
Rectum
Throat
Eyes

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14
Q

Chlamydia is gram stain positive - true or false?

A

FALSE

Chlamydia does not have a peptoglycan wall, therefore it cannot be gram stained

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15
Q

Which serological group of chlamydia infects the genitals?

A

Serovars D-K

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16
Q

Which form of chlamydia is NOT an STI

A

Serovar A-C
Infects the eyes
NOT and STI

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17
Q

Which group of people are commonly affected by lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

Male - sex with - Male

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18
Q

What is the current treatment for chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline

19
Q

How long should you wait before re-testing patients after treatment for chlamydia?

A

At least 5 weeks

The presence of any chlamydia cells (dead or alive) will give a positive test, so you need to wait for them to pass.

20
Q

What type of organism is Neisseria gonorrhoea?

A

Gram negative diplococci

Fastidious organism

21
Q

What causes pharyngeal gonococcal infection?

A

Orogenital sex

Mainly fellatio

22
Q

What is the treatment for N. gonorrhoea

A

Intramuscular Ceftriaxone

23
Q

What is concerning about n. gonorrhoea

A

It’s becoming resistant to lots of antibiotics

Reported cases of untreatable strains in the East

24
Q

What is a rare complication of male UTI’s?

A

Acute bacterial prostitis

25
What are the symptoms of bacterial prostitis?
Lower abdo pain Perineal/penile pain Tender prostate on examination
26
How do you treat acute bacterial prostitis?
28 days of Ciprofloxacin
27
What does the organism Treponema Pallidum cause?
Syphilis
28
What type of organism is treponema pallidum?
Spirochete | does NOT gram stain
29
What is a chancre?
A non-painful lesion which appears in the first stage of syphilis
30
What is significant about the stage 2 rash in syphilis?
It is one of only a few rashes that affects the soles of your feet and palms of your hands.
31
What complications may arise in the late stage of syphilis?
Cardiovascular and Neurovascular complications
32
What four tests are done to detect syphilis?
IgM/IgG screening EIA TPHA TPPA
33
When are non-specific serological tests useful?
When monitoring response to treatment
34
What antibiotic is syphilis very sensitive to?
Penicillin
35
What is the commonest viral STI?
Genital warts | HPV
36
What type of HPV commonly causes genital warts?
6 and 11
37
What types of HPV commonly are associated with cervical cancer?
16 & 18
38
What causes genital herpes?
Herpes Simplex Virus (types 1 and 2)
39
Why can you get recurrent herpes rashes from HSV?
The HSV virus can live in the sacral root and reoccur in the same area continually
40
What treatment can be used for HSV if caught early>
Aciclovir
41
How do you treat trichomonas vaginalis?
Oral metronidazole
42
What is trichomonas vaginalis?
A sexually transmitted parasite
43
How should you treat a pregnant woman with genital herpes in 1st and 2nd trimester?
``` Aciclovir oral (admit if Aciclovir encephalitis) Once the primary infection has been treated successfully, patient should be offered treatment dose aciclovir 3x a day from week 36 until delivery. ```
44
Is a vaginal delivery an option in a pregnant women who ahs suffered a genital herpes infection during pregnancy?
Yes IF patient was treated and has been taking prophylactic acyclovir

Reproduction (19 decks)

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