Menstruation & Abnormalities

Question 1

What hormone stimulates ovarian follicle development

Answer 1

Follicular Stimulating Hormone

FSH

Question 2

What hormone inhibits FSH

Answer 2

Oestrogen

Question 3

What occurs during ovulation

Answer 3

Dominant follicle ruptures and oocyte is released

Question 4

What occurs just before ovulation

Answer 4

There is a surge in luteinising hormone (LH)

Question 5

What is formed during the Luteal phase

Answer 5

The corpus luteum

Question 6

What hormone is produced during the luteal phase?

Answer 6

Progesterone

Question 7

What occurs during luteal phase, IF implantation does not happen?

Answer 7

Endometrial breakdown

Question 8

What occurs during the proliferative phase?

Answer 8

Oestrogen-induced growth of endometrial glands and the stroma

Question 9

What occurs during menstruation to prevent scar tissue forming?

Answer 9

Fibrinolysis

Question 10

Term used for regular intermenstrual bleeding

Answer 10

Metrorrhagia

Question 11

Define menorrhagia

Answer 11

Prolonged & increased menstrual flow

Question 12

What is the term used to describe absence of menstruation for >6 months

Answer 12

Amenorrhoea

Question 13

Define Menometrorrhagia

Answer 13

Prolonged menses and inter-menstrual bleeding

Question 14

Define oligomenorrhoea

Answer 14

Menses at intervals of > 35 days

Question 15

What is the term used to describe menses regularly occurring <21 days cycles

Answer 15

Polymenorrhoea

Question 16

List 6 organic causes of menorrhagia

Answer 16

Fibroids
Polyps
Endometriosis
Endometrial hyperplasia 
Malignancy of cervix/uterus 
Pelvic Inflammatory disease

Question 17

What method of contraception can cause menorrhagia

Answer 17

IUCD

Question 18

List 3 systemic organic causes of menorrhagia

Answer 18

Hyper/hypothyroidism
Von Willebrand’s
Prolactin disorders

Question 19

What is the first thing that must be ruled out when there is an abnormality with menstruation

Answer 19

Pregnancy

Question 20

What condition accounts for 50% of all abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer 20

Dysfunction Uterine Bleeding

Question 21

What are the 2 subdivisions of DUB?

Answer 21

Anovulatory

Ovulatory

Question 22

What group of women are more likely to suffer from anovulatory DUB

Answer 22

Obese women

Question 23

What age range are most commonly affected by ovulatory DUB

Answer 23

35-45 y/o

Question 24

List 5 common investigations for DUB

Answer 24

FBC (including LFTs TFTs)
Cervical Smear
Coagulation Screen
Trans-vaginal USS
Endometrial Sampling

Question 25

List three pharmacological treatments of DUB

Answer 25

Progesterone
Combined OCP
NSAIDs

Question 26

What 2 surgical interventions can be used for DUB management:

Answer 26

Endometrial Resection/ablation

Hysterectomy

Question 27

What other medical treatment option can be used for DUB?

Answer 27

The mirena IUS

Question 28

What are the benefits to non-surgical interventions of DUB

Answer 28

Cheaper
Fertility can be retained
Not permanent
No GA risk

Question 29

Define Dysmenorrhea

Answer 29

Painful period

Question 30

What medication is considered best for reducing pain in primary dysmenorrhea

Answer 30

Mefanamic Acid

Question 31

What causes pain during menstruation

Answer 31

Release of inflammatory prostoglandins which cause the uterus to contract