SI Session Warm Ups Flashcards
When did Earth form? When did life arise?
4.6 billion years ago, 3.6 billion years ago
What are the three domains of life?
bacteria, archaea, eucarya
The categorization of cells into the “three domains” of life was originally based on what evidence?
Small subunit ribosomal rRNA comparison
What is the order of taxonomic rank?
domain, phylum, class ,order, family, genus, species
Which of the following statements concerning gas vacuoles is true?
A) they can pressurize gas
B) the membrane surrounding them is in a phospholipids bilayer
C) they are found only in Archaea
D) they extract carbon dioxide from the air
E) they provide buoyancy
E) they provide buoyancy
What is the role of inclusions?
Storage of carbon, phosphate, and other substances
What does the fluid mosaic model describe?
Lipid bilayer in which proteins float
Bacterial membranes do not contain sterols like Eukaryotic membranes. They contain ________ instead, a sterol-link ring (five rings, not four rings)
hopanoid
Archaeal tetraethes form ____ layers. Mono or di?
Monolayers
Does the following describe FtsZ or MreB?
- required for cell division
- localizes to the center
- makes a circular filament
- scaffolding for other cell division proteins
FtsZ
Does the following describe FtsZ or MreB?
- Helix under the plasma membrane
- archaea appear to lack an MreB-like molecule
MreB
Gram-negative cell walls have ______ while gram-positive cell wall have _____.
A) teichoic acid, LPS
B) LPS, Teichoic acid
B) LPS, teichoic acid
Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial cytoskeleton?
A) assisting cell division
B) acts from within the periplasmic space as a scaffold to organize the contents of the periplasmic space
C) determining cell shape
D) localizing proteins to certain sites in the cell
B) acts from within the periplasmic space as a scaffold to organize the contents of the periplasmic space
What is the sec-dependent pathway?
General secretion pathway
- Translocated proteins from the cytoplasm across or into the plasma membrane
What are classes of growth factors that are needed by some organisms?
A) amino acids, vitamins
B) amino acids, purines and pyrimidines, vitamins
C) Purines and Pyrimidine, vitamins
B) amino acids, purines and pyrimidines, vitamins
Which is the correct term for this definition: Passive diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Active transport, group translocation?
High to low concentration
Passive diffusion
Which is the correct term for this definition: Passive diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Active transport, group translocation?
High to low concentration with carrier molecules (permeases)
Facilitated diffusion
Which is the correct term for this definition: Passive diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Active transport, group translocation?
Low to high concentration with energy
Active transport
Which is the correct term for this definition: Passive diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Active transport, group translocation?
Chemically modifies
Group translocation
Which of the following would NOT be expected to be found in the bacterial cytoplasm?
A) assembled peptidoglycan polymers
B) ribosomes
C) nucleoid
D) inclusion bodies
A) assembled peptidoglycan polymers
Which is the FALSE statement?
A) Iodine can be used as a skin antiseptic
B) At high concentration, Iodine may kill spores
C) Chlorine can skill spores
D) Chlorine can react with organic matter to form carcinogenic compound
C) Chlorine can skill spores
Do these properties represent respiration or fermentation?
- electron transport chain + PMF, ATP synthase, oxidative phosphorylation
- exogenous electron receptor
- produces more energy
Respiration
Do these properties represent respiration or fermentation?
- substrate-level phosphorylation
- endogenous electron acceptor
- produces less energy
Fermentation
Which of the following is not a fermented substance?
A) acetone
B) almonds
C) coffee
D) lactic acid
B) almonds
What is the finished product of peptidoglycan synthesis?
The cell wall
The image to the left shows various antibiotics: cycloserine, bacitracin, vancomycin. It does not show penicillin, why is that? (What does penicillin inhibit?)
transpeptidation
Replication stops when the replisome reaches _____ site on DNA
ter (termination site)
Transcription goes from ____ to _____. Translation goes from _____ to _____.
DNA to RNA (specifically mRNA); mRNA to amino acids
Rho-dependent uses a protein known as ____. Rho-independent uses a _____ instead.
Rho-factor; hairpin
The first amino acid of the polypeptide enters the ____ site of the ribosome and is known as ______.
P site; fMet-tRNAfMet
What is the Shine-Dalgarno sequence?
Ribosome binding site. found in the mRNA. In prokaryotes
What does this definition describe?
A cluster of genes regulated at a common site or sites
Operon
What does this definition describe?
These sites control operon expression by binding to receptors or to activators
Operator
What are two examples of an operon?
Lac operon and trp operon
What do these conditions tell about the presence of glucose and lactose?
Lac operon is OFF, CAP is bound, lac repressor is bound
No glucose, no lactose
What do these conditions tell about the presence of glucose and lactose?
Lac operon is OFF, CAP is NOT bound, lac repressor is bound
Glucose is present, lactose is not
What is an autotroph?
Something that cannot make all of the nutrients it needs
Which statement is FALSE regarding F’ conjugation?
A) some of the F factors is left behind in the host chromosome
B) no host genes are removed along with some of the F factor
C) results when the F factor incorrectly leaves the host chromosome
D) genes of the F’ can be transferred to F-strains
B) no host genes are removed along with some of the F factor
What type of transduction does this describe?
random bacterial DNA packaged into a phage during lytic cycle
Generalized transduction
What type of transduction does this describe?
Specific bacteria DNA near phage integration site packaged with phage DNA during lysogenic cycle
Specialized transduction
What is the name for the process in which the phage particle contains ONLY bacterial DNA- no phage DNA?
Generalized transduction
the lytic cycle results in _______ host cell lysis and release of new viral particles. The lysogenic cycle integrate with the _____ ______ and remain dormant
Immediate; host genome
In the lysogenic cycle, the integrated viral DNA is also known as ______?
Prophage
What is the function of the contractile vacuole?
Osmoregulation
What is Dictyostelum discoideum?
“Slime molds”
RuBiSco is part of what process?
The Calvin cycle
When there is a mutation in the cI gene, what is the phenotype?
Lytic
When there is a mutation in the Cro gene, what is the phenotype?
Lysogenic
When there is a mutation in cII, what is the phenotype?
Lytic
When there is a mutation in cIII, what is the phenotype?
Lytic
What does CRISPR stand for?
Clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
CRISPR is a ______ system in bacteria
Defense
Herpes is a ____?
A) dsDNA
B) + stranded RNA
C) - stranded RNA
A) dsDNA
HIV is a _____?
A) dsDNA
B) + strand RNA
C) - strand RNA
B) + stranded RNA
Influenza is a ____?
A) dsDNA
B) + strand RNA
C) - strand RNA
C) - strand RNA
Which step in the viral life cycle do you think would be best to target as a drug therapy?
A) entry
B) microtubule trafficking
C) DNA replication
D) Viral release
C) DNA replication
during the lambda phage lifecycle, what is the function of cII?
A) the cII degrades Cro, preventing lysis of the bacterium
B) the cII degrades cI, resulting in lysis of the bacterium
C) the cII activated Cro transcription, resulting in lysis of the bacterium
D) the cII activates cI transcription, resulting in lysogeny of the phage
D) the cell actives cI transcription, resulting in lysogeny of the phage
What is HAART?
Highly Active Anti-Retroviral therapy
What is used to treat HIV? What type of virus is HIV?
HAART; a retrovirus
Robert Koch contributed to the field of microbiology by being the first person to
A) develop the tuberculin test only
B) formulate four postulates for definitively linking a specific microorganism to a specific disease only
C) use agar as a solidifying agent in growth media only
D) develop the tuberculin test, formulate four postulates for definitively linking a specific microorganism to a specific disease, and use agar as a solidifying agent in growth media
D) develop the tuberculin test, formulate four postulates for definitively linking a specific microorganism to a specific disease, and use agar as a solidifying agent in growth media
Which drugs would you recommend to treat penicillin-resistant Nesseria gonorrhoeae?
A) ampicillin
B) metronidazole
C) Ceftriaxone
D) both metronidazole and Ceftriaxone
C) Ceftriaxone
Chemotaxis in bacteria occurs through the use of
A) adaptation
B) quorum sensing
C) auto induction
D) a modified two-component system
D) a modified two-component system
Sense and respond
Quorum sensing is a regulatory system that required a certain cell density to work effectively. Each of the following activities utilizes quorum sensing EXCEPT:
A) Staphylococcus aureus infection
B) transition of Candida albicans from budding yeast to elongated filaments
C) flagella synthesis in Proteus vulgaris
D) light emission by aliivibrio fischeri
B) transition of Candida albicans from budding yeast to elongated filaments
a bacterium that either partially or fully catabolizes a acyl-homoserine lactone will likely disrupt
A) attenuation
B) chemotaxis
C) endospore formation
D) quorum sensing
D) quorum sensing
Which pathogen causes severe diarrhea?
A) enterococcus faecalis
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
C) taphylococcus aureus
D) Vibrio cholerae
D) Vibrio cholerae
Which of the following secretes virulence factors such as KatG, a catalase-peroxidase, and Sod A, a superoxide dismutase to get rid of hydrogen peroxide inside the phagosome?
A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Streptococcus pyogenes
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D) Escherichia coli
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
