Exam 3 Flashcards
Fred Griffith infected mice with what?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What was the result of the experiment by Griffith in terms of strain combination?
Dead S + Live R = Kills mice
conclusion of the Griffith experiment
Living R has been TRANSFORMED to living
Is a mouse essential to the Griffith experiment?
No, it can be done in a dish
What did the Transformation experiment by Griffith set the stage for?
Fractionation experiments
what was the conclusion of the experiment by Avery, Macleod, and McCarty?
They concluded that DNA was hereditary material instead of protein
R cells + purified S cell polysaccharide ->
R colonies
R cells + purified s cel protein ->
R colonies
R cells + purified S cell RNA ->
R colonies
R cells + purified S cell DNA ->
S colonies
S cell extract + protease + R cells ->
S colonies
S cell extract + RNase + R cells ->
S colonies
Objection to Avery experiment by Harriet Taylor showed what result?
R DNA transforms ER to R; Exposure of these R to S DNA transforms to S; and S DNA transforms Er to S
What did Hotchkiss do?
Isolated penicillin resistant and streptomycin resistant S. Pneumoniae
In the Hotchkiss experiment, DNA from both the penicillin resistant and the streptomycin resistant strands can be used to transform what type of strains?
Sensitive
Conclusion of the Hershey and Chase experiement
DNA had the genetic info for synthesis of both viral components (coat protein with 32P DNA and 35S protein in coat)
Exogenous
DNA that is transferred to recipient
Endogenote
Genome of recipient
Merozygote
Recipient cell that is partially diploid as result of transfer process
Which experiments did Lederberg and Tatum do?
Recombination
What is the difference between conjugation and transduction?
Conjugation has the pilus that connected F+ and F-
Hfr donor strands are the high frequency donor of only limited potion of the _____ gene
Donor
What is tra for Hfr
Transfer function of f factor
Hfr mapping: Gene C (Hfr 1) donated first in clockwise/counterclockwise) order?
Clockwise
Hfr mapping: Gene L (Hfr 2)donated first in clockwise/counterclockwise) order?
Counterclockwise
Hfr mapping: Gene X (Hfr 3) donated first in clockwise/counterclockwise) order?
Clockwise
Hfr mapping: Gene G (Hfr 4) donated first in clockwise/counterclockwise) order?
Counterclockwise
what is the outcome of Hfr mapping?
Be able to map the genes across chromosomes
Transduction is the transfer of bacterial genes via what/
virus
difference between generalized and specialized transduction?
Generalized is the lytic cycle ad specialized is the lysogenic phase
Where is cilia located?
On the epiplasm membrane
What are the parts of cilia?
- 9 outer tubules
- 1 complete, 1 incomplete
- 2 core tubules
- Dyenin arms
What do the Dynein arms of cilia do?
- motor proteins of cilia
- creates a current of some laminar and some turbulent flow
- walks in the (-) minus direction
What is cAMP?
- Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
- signaling molecule for MANY organisms
What is the main output of the RuBisCO and Calvin pathway?
End generation of sugar (G3P)
Virulence
Replication, synthesis, assembly, and lysis
lysogeny
For lambda, NA is inserted into att sites n the bacterial chromosome. DNA is then replicated as the bacteria replicated
If c1 > Cro ->
Lysogeny
If Cro > c1 ->
Lytic
DsDNA ->
Herpes
SsDNA ->
Phage MB
DsRNA ->
Reoviridae
(+) stranded RNA ->
Coronavirus
(-) stranded RNA ->
E. Bola
viral lifestyle
- Attachment
- Entry
- synthesis
- Assembly
- Release
HSV stands for what? Two types?
Herpes Simplex Virus
- HV 1 = cold sores
- HV 2 = genital herpes
In (=) strand RNA virus, HIV, what is gp41 and gp120?
Gp41 = transmembrane
Gp120 = docking
Retrovirus
RNA virus that is replicated in a cell using the enzyme “reverse transcriptase”
HAART
Highly active anti-retro viral therapy
