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Microbiology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Fred Griffith infected mice with what?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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2
Q

What was the result of the experiment by Griffith in terms of strain combination?

A

Dead S + Live R = Kills mice

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3
Q

conclusion of the Griffith experiment

A

Living R has been TRANSFORMED to living

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4
Q

Is a mouse essential to the Griffith experiment?

A

No, it can be done in a dish

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5
Q

What did the Transformation experiment by Griffith set the stage for?

A

Fractionation experiments

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6
Q

what was the conclusion of the experiment by Avery, Macleod, and McCarty?

A

They concluded that DNA was hereditary material instead of protein

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7
Q

R cells + purified S cell polysaccharide ->

A

R colonies

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8
Q

R cells + purified s cel protein ->

A

R colonies

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9
Q

R cells + purified S cell RNA ->

A

R colonies

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10
Q

R cells + purified S cell DNA ->

A

S colonies

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11
Q

S cell extract + protease + R cells ->

A

S colonies

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12
Q

S cell extract + RNase + R cells ->

A

S colonies

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13
Q

Objection to Avery experiment by Harriet Taylor showed what result?

A

R DNA transforms ER to R; Exposure of these R to S DNA transforms to S; and S DNA transforms Er to S

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14
Q

What did Hotchkiss do?

A

Isolated penicillin resistant and streptomycin resistant S. Pneumoniae

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15
Q

In the Hotchkiss experiment, DNA from both the penicillin resistant and the streptomycin resistant strands can be used to transform what type of strains?

A

Sensitive

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16
Q

Conclusion of the Hershey and Chase experiement

A

DNA had the genetic info for synthesis of both viral components (coat protein with 32P DNA and 35S protein in coat)

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17
Q

Exogenous

A

DNA that is transferred to recipient

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18
Q

Endogenote

A

Genome of recipient

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19
Q

Merozygote

A

Recipient cell that is partially diploid as result of transfer process

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20
Q

Which experiments did Lederberg and Tatum do?

A

Recombination

21
Q

What is the difference between conjugation and transduction?

A

Conjugation has the pilus that connected F+ and F-

22
Q

Hfr donor strands are the high frequency donor of only limited potion of the _____ gene

A

Donor

23
Q

What is tra for Hfr

A

Transfer function of f factor

24
Q

Hfr mapping: Gene C (Hfr 1) donated first in clockwise/counterclockwise) order?

A

Clockwise

25
Q

Hfr mapping: Gene L (Hfr 2)donated first in clockwise/counterclockwise) order?

A

Counterclockwise

26
Q

Hfr mapping: Gene X (Hfr 3) donated first in clockwise/counterclockwise) order?

A

Clockwise

27
Q

Hfr mapping: Gene G (Hfr 4) donated first in clockwise/counterclockwise) order?

A

Counterclockwise

28
Q

what is the outcome of Hfr mapping?

A

Be able to map the genes across chromosomes

29
Q

Transduction is the transfer of bacterial genes via what/

A

virus

30
Q

difference between generalized and specialized transduction?

A

Generalized is the lytic cycle ad specialized is the lysogenic phase

31
Q

Where is cilia located?

A

On the epiplasm membrane

32
Q

What are the parts of cilia?

A
  • 9 outer tubules
    • 1 complete, 1 incomplete
  • 2 core tubules
  • Dyenin arms
33
Q

What do the Dynein arms of cilia do?

A
  • motor proteins of cilia
  • creates a current of some laminar and some turbulent flow
  • walks in the (-) minus direction
34
Q

What is cAMP?

A
  • Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
  • signaling molecule for MANY organisms
35
Q

What is the main output of the RuBisCO and Calvin pathway?

A

End generation of sugar (G3P)

36
Q

Virulence

A

Replication, synthesis, assembly, and lysis

37
Q

lysogeny

A

For lambda, NA is inserted into att sites n the bacterial chromosome. DNA is then replicated as the bacteria replicated

38
Q

If c1 > Cro ->

A

Lysogeny

39
Q

If Cro > c1 ->

A

Lytic

40
Q

DsDNA ->

A

Herpes

41
Q

SsDNA ->

A

Phage MB

42
Q

DsRNA ->

A

Reoviridae

43
Q

(+) stranded RNA ->

A

Coronavirus

44
Q

(-) stranded RNA ->

A

E. Bola

45
Q

viral lifestyle

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Entry
  3. synthesis
  4. Assembly
  5. Release
46
Q

HSV stands for what? Two types?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus
- HV 1 = cold sores
- HV 2 = genital herpes

47
Q

In (=) strand RNA virus, HIV, what is gp41 and gp120?

A

Gp41 = transmembrane
Gp120 = docking

48
Q

Retrovirus

A

RNA virus that is replicated in a cell using the enzyme “reverse transcriptase”

49
Q

HAART

A

Highly active anti-retro viral therapy

Microbiology (11 decks)

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