Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HSC 215 Exam #1 > SI information > Flashcards

SI information Flashcards

0
Q

conversion of pyruvic acid into acetyl CoA net gain

A

2 NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

glycolysis net gain

A

2 ATP and 2 NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

citric acid cycle net gain

A

2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

function of plasma membrane

A

selectively permeable membrane to chose what goes in and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what kind of substances can passively diffuse through the plasma membrane

A

nonpolar and lipid-soluble substances (O2, CO2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what kind of substances needs help getting through plasma membrane

A

glucose, ions, H2O (water soluble and big particles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

function of the nucleus

A

houses the cells genetic material, the control center of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

nucleic acids

A

DNA and RNA essential for all forms of life, polymeric macromolecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

function of DNA

A

directing protein synthesis

a genetic blueprint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

function of RNA

A

carry info of amino acid sequence from the genes to where proteins are assembled
Carrying out protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

transcription

A

copy in the form of mRNA from DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mRNA transport

A

leave nucleus to cytoplasm (ribosome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

translation

A

mRNA code into a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

A

synthesizes and releases various new proteins into the ER lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

A

packages new proteins in transport vescicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

stacked membrane sacs called CISTERNAE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

function of Golgi apparatus

A

modifying, sorting, and packaging of proteins for secretion, also involved in transport of lipids around the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lysosomes

A

intracellular digestive system (waste collectors)

“stomach” of the celll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

mitochondria

A

power plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

protein synthesis

A 
message 
DNA
helicase unzips DNA
mRNA is formed (by RNA polymerase)
mRNA travels out of nucleus
ribosome receives mRNA code
tRNA brings in proper amino acids
protein synthesized
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

channels/gates

A 
water-filled passageways
highly selective (allows water-soluble and small molecules to enter)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

carrier molecules

A

transport substances in or out that are not free to pass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

membrane-bound enzymes

A

control chemical reactions (AChE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

receptor sites

A

can bind with extracellular signals

binding alters cell activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

cell adhesion molecules

A

grip other cells (velco-like)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

ID tags

A

proteins often with CHOs attached

recognize self-cells and prevent over growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

polar

A

has charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

nonpolar

A

no charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

oxygen is the

A

final electron acceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

H2O will follow the path of ______ resistance

A

least

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

selectively permeable determinants

A
  1. relative solubility of particles in lipids

2. size or particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

passive

A

cell doesnt have to expel energy/ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

active

A

cell requires ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

unassisted

A

can move without help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

assisted

A

needs help to move across membrane (facilitated)

ex. water soluble (Na+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

diffusion

A

high -> low gradient (down stream)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

tonicity

A

measure of solute concentration in ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

isotonic

A

ICF and ECF concentration is equal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

hypotonic

A

ECF has a lower solute concentration than ICF

41
Q

hypertonic

A

ECF has a higher solute concentration than ICF

42
Q

the two organs that work to maintain homeostasis are the _______

A

endocrine and nervous systems

43
Q

in times of decreased blood glucose levels, _____ is released from alpha cells within the pituitary gland

A

glucagon

44
Q

an example of _____ would include uterine contractions or blood clotting, because the effectors response amplifies the initial change from set point

A

positive feedback

45
Q

_______ tissue is responsible for lining body cavities and forming glands

A

epithelial

46
Q

cardiac muscle can be characterized as _____ and involuntary

A

striated

47
Q

an example of _____ muscle includes your blood vessels and gastrointestinal tract

A

smooth

48
Q

in order for your body to maintain homeostasis, blood vessels at your body’s surface tend to ______ in excessively warm conditions

A

vasodilate

49
Q

following menopause, women are at a greater risk of developing fractures because of the prescence of ______ cells that destroy bone matrices

A

osteoclasts

50
Q

if blood calcium levels are to high to parathyroid hormone is released to stimulate glycogenolysis activity

A

calcitonin, inhibit osteoclasts/stimulate osteoblasts t

51
Q

the general functions of the __________ system are transporting nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, waste, electrolytes, and hormones throughout the body

A

CIRCULATROY, CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

52
Q

in blood glucose regulation, which organ would be classified as the “sensor” in the homeostatic mechanism?

A

pancreas

53
Q

osmosis involves the diffusion of ______

A

H2O

54
Q

due to diffusion, water moves towards the greater ______ concentration; water also moves from a _____ water concentration

A

solute

high, low

55
Q

The ETC occurs

A

in the cytosol and in the intermembranous space

56
Q

the resting membrane potential of a neuron is

A

-70 mV

57
Q

the sodium permeability > potassium permeability at point “D” (repol) T/F

A

false

other way around

58
Q

at point “B” (depol), what is occurring?

A

Na+ is rushing into the cell

59
Q

RNA polymerase is

A

transcription enzyme

60
Q

during transcription, the complimentary RNA copy ____ corresponds with the DNA base A-T

A

U-A

61
Q

DNA is held together by weak ______, which allows the enzyme ______ to “unzip it” to expose its genetic information in the form of its ___________

A

hydrogen bonds
helicase
nitrogenous bases

62
Q

this substance’s primary function is to provide the plasma membrane with stability/rigidity

A

cholesterol

63
Q

this hormone has the opposite effect of calcitonin, therefore stimulating _____ activity

A

PTH

osteoclast

64
Q

if the sodium potassium pump is somehow inhibited/unable to perform its functions, then you will see a build up of ____ inside the cell, and _____ outside of the cell

A

Na+

K+

65
Q

blood glucose regulation provides applicable examples of which process (es)?

A

negative feedback
facilitated diffusion
carrier mediated transport

66
Q

this is the RNA complimentary base pair to the DNA sequence of AAT-GCT

A

UUA-CGA

67
Q

by definition, _______, is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment and is sometimes called the “Dynamic Equilibrium”

A

homeostasis

68
Q

the term glycogenolysis refers to

A

turning glycogen back into glucose

69
Q

the process where RNA polymerase uses the genetic information in DNA to assemble a strand of mRNA is _____

A

transcription

70
Q

in anaerobic glycolysis, glucose is broken down to pyruvic acid, which is converted to

A

lactic acid

71
Q

the reason that water-soluble ions and molecules cannot enter certain regions of the cell membrane is

A

the presence of hydrophobic tails on the interior of the membrane

72
Q

as a result of the sodium-potassium pump, 2 __ are pumped in, and 3 ___ are pumped out, thus requiring ATP expenditure

A

K+, Na+

73
Q

organelles: _____ “detoxify” cellular waste products using oxidative enzymes, whereas ____ “digest” cellular debris using hydrolytic enzymes

A

perioxisomes

lysosomes

74
Q

during carrier mediated transport, if the transport molecule is completely saturated, it is said to have reached its ______

A

transport maximum

75
Q

osmotic pressure will be higher in areas of

A

greater solute concentrations

76
Q

how many FADH2 molecules are being made in glycolysis?

A

10

77
Q

this ion is typically found in high concentration inside the cell at rest

A

potassium

78
Q

the liquid portion of the cytoplasm can also be referred to as

A

cytosol

ICF

79
Q

in the ETC, the production of ATP is a direct result of _________

A

hydrogen ions being transported into the matrix through the ATP synthase channel

80
Q

________ is a 6 C molecule

A

glucose

81
Q

___ NADH are produced in the CAC from one molecule of glucose

A

6

82
Q

pyruvic acid can be converted to ________ in anaerobic conditions

A

lactic acid

83
Q

Acetyl CoA (2 C molecule) combines with Oxaloacetic acid (4 C molecule) to form ________ (6 C molecule)

A

citric acid

84
Q

if a red blood cell is placed in an isotonic solution, _______

A

there will be no net movement of water

85
Q

during depolarization, the membrane potential becomes more ____ and _____ to/from the resting membrane potential

A

positive

farther

86
Q

which type of electrical system follows the “all or nothing” principal

A

action potential

87
Q

the threshold potential in neural cells is ______; when this voltage is reached, _____ will occur

A

-55 mV

action potential

88
Q

skeletal muscle tissue can be classified as being _______

A

striated, voluntary

89
Q

action-potentials efficient conduction system is said to be _____ because it arrives at its destination at full strength

A

non-decremental

90
Q

T/F Glucose is the only molecule that can undergo metabolism

A

false

91
Q

T/F Alpha cells in the pancreas release the hormone glucagon, which increase BG

A

true

92
Q

T/F insulin decreases glucose metabolism by inhibiting carrier molecule

A

false

93
Q

T/F Action potentials travel down the axons of neurons, carrying an electrical message

A

true

94
Q

T/F Proteins have a limited amount of functions in the body because of their size, solubility, and polarity.

A

false

95
Q

T/F For every NADH molecule, approximately 3 ATP are made

A

true

96
Q

T/F oxaloacetic acid is a 2 C molecule

A

false

97
Q

T/F Acetyl CoA is a 2 carbon molecule

A

true

98
Q

T/F beta oxidative is the release of insulin from beta cells

A

false

99
Q

T/F the greater solute concentration, the greater the osmotic pressure

A

true

HSC 215 Exam #1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions