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HSC 215 Exam #1 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Functions of plasma membrane proteins: channels

A

water-filled passageway

  • highly selective (water soluble can enter, very small)
  • can open or close
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1
Q

cell membrane: structure

A

phospholipid bilayer

  • cholesterol - stability
  • proteins:
    • integral - spanning entire membrane)
    • peripheral - sticking out
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2
Q

Functions of plasma membrane: carrier molecules

A

transport substances in or out that are not free to pass

- only open to one side at a time (not ECF and ICF at the same time)

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3
Q

functions of plasma membrane: membrane bound enzymes

A

control chemical reactions

ex. Ache

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4
Q

functions of plasma membrane: receptor sites

A

can bind with extracellular signals

  • use lock and key theory (will bind if messenger fits with receptor)
  • have to be complementary
  • ex. prolactin knows to bind to breast cells cause they fit
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5
Q

functions of plasma membrane: cell adhesion molecules

A

grip other cells

  • allows cells to form tissues and to stick to various things (ex. WBC)
  • protrude from plasma membrane
  • ex. Cadherin (velcro)
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6
Q

functions of plasma membrane: ID tags

A
  • proteins often with CHOs (glycoproteins)
  • helps cells to recognize of the same type
  • prevent overgrowth of tissue - “contact inhibition” (once mitosis is filled in all the areas, they stop growth)
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7
Q

passive

A

does NOT require ATP

- relies on molecular motion

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8
Q

Active

A

requires ATP

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9
Q

Unassisted

A

does not require help/assistance

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10
Q

assisted/carrier mediated

A

needs a carrier molecule (needs help)

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11
Q

diffusion

A
  • unassisted
  • the movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration
  • molecules move DOWN their concentration gradient
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12
Q

Osmosis

A
  • unassisted
  • diffusion of water DOWN its concentration gradient
  • high concentration to a low concentration
  • osmotic pressure = pulling
  • water being pulled toward the higher solute concentration
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13
Q

tonicity

A

measure of solute concentration

- referring to the solute concentration in the ECF

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14
Q

isotonic

A

ICF and ECF solute concentration is =

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15
Q

hypotonic

A

the ECF has a lower concentration of solutes than the ICF

- water is drawn towards higher solute concentration

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16
Q

Hypotonic: The osmotic pressure is ________ the cell; therefore water will tend to ______ the cell due to osmosis

A

higher in

enter

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17
Q

hypertonic

A

the ECF has a higher concentration of solutes than the ICF

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18
Q

hypertonic: the osmotic pressure is _________ the cell; therefore water will tend to ______ the cell due to osmosis

A

higher outside

leave

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19
Q

filtration

A

the movement of substances through a membrane as a result of a higher hydrostatic of one side of the membrane
- ex. coffee (directing hydrostatic pressure through membrane -> water pushes coffee grounds through filter into the cup)

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20
Q

example of filtration in the body

A

cells are filtered out of the blood stream

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21
Q

carrier mediated transport

A

can be active or passive

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22
Q

characteristics that determine the kind and amount of material that can be transferred across the membrane are_______, ________, and ________

A

specificity
saturation
competition

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23
Q

specificity

A

shapes match (carrier molecule for amino and another carrier molecule for glucose - shapes have to match)

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24
Q

satuaration

A 
transport maximum (TM) - mini van analogy
- can't carry anymore no matter how much it is flooded (wine analogy)
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25
Q

competition

A

similar molecules compete

26
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

substances move from a HIGHER concentration to a LOWER concentration

  • requires carrier molecule
  • no ATP
  • ex. GLUT
27
Q

does facilitated diffusion require ATP?

A

No

28
Q

active transport

A

moves a substance UP its concentration gradient by using a carrier molecule

  • requires ATP
    ex. Na+/K+ pump
29
Q

vesicular transport: 2 types

A

endocytosis

exocytosis

30
Q

endocytosis

A

import

31
Q

exocytosis

A

export

32
Q

Endocytosis: Phagocytosis

A

cell-eating

  • ATP required
  • occurring all the time
33
Q

Endocytosis: Pinocytosis

A

cell-drinking

34
Q

Exocytosis

A

release of secretory products

“ how do we get things out of the cell?”

35
Q

membrane potential

A

difference in charges between ICF and ECF or the separation of opposite charges across plasma membrane

36
Q

membrane potential is measured in ______

A

mV

37
Q

resting membrane potential

A

constant membrane potential present in cells at rest

  • separation of charges in a cell at rest
  • nerve cell RMP = -70 mV
38
Q

The cell membrane is more permeable to ___ than to ____

A

K+

Na+

39
Q

K+ leaks/diffuses out at a ______ rate

A

faster

40
Q

effect of sodium/potassium pump on membrane potential: pumps ______ in and ________ out

A

2K+

3Na+

41
Q

passive ______ and the active ________ work together to establish the RMP

A

diffusion

Na+/K+ pump

42
Q

nerve and muscle cells are excitable cells and have the ability to __________ in their membrane potential when excited

A

produce rapid changes

- this gives us nerve impulses and muscle contractions

43
Q

proteins that span the whole membrane are called what?

A

integral

44
Q

where are the peripheral proteins

A

they stick out

45
Q

simply state how active transport is different from passive transport

A

active transport requires ATP and passive transport does not use ATP

46
Q

is osmosis passive or active

A

passive

47
Q

define diffusion

A

the movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration

48
Q

define osmosis

A

high concentration of water ——–> low concentration of water

49
Q

cells in a hypertonic solution will _____ water as a result of osmosis

A

lose

50
Q

water molecules move _____ the higher osmotic pressure

A

toward

51
Q

tonicity refers to the solute concentration in the ___

A

ECF

52
Q

in carrier mediated transport, we talk about specificity of the molecules. What does this mean?

A

shapes have to match - lock and key method

53
Q

what is TM

A

transport maximum

minivan analogy

54
Q

how does the example of TM in class about glucose in the urine demonstrate the above

A

if there is too much glucose in the urine, TM will grab the g molecules and pull them back into the blood stream

55
Q

membrane potential is defined as

A

difference in charges between ICF and ECF or the separation of opposite changes across plasma membrane

56
Q

what two cell types are excitable

A

nerve and muscle cells

- have ability to produce rapid changes in their membrane potential when excited

57
Q

resting membrane potential is defined as

A

constant mp present in cells at rest

58
Q

resting potential is about ____ mV for the normal cell

A

-70

59
Q

so that means that K+ wants to diffuse _____ and Na+ wants to diffuse ___

A

out

in

60
Q

how many Na+ are pumped

A

3 out

61
Q

how many K+ are pumped

A

2 IN

62
Q

the cell membrane is leakier to ___ than to ___

A

K+

Na+

HSC 215 Exam #1 (5 decks)

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