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HSC 215 Exam #1 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

0
Q

resting potential

A

membrane potential of cells at rest (RMP)

- -70 mV

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1
Q

membrane potential

A

separation of positive and negative charges across a membrane

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2
Q

polarization

A

when the membrane potential is other than 0 mV

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3
Q

depolarization

A

membrane potential moves closer to 0 mV from RMP

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4
Q

repolarization

A

membrane returns to resting potential after depolarization

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5
Q

hyperpolarization

A

membrane becomes more polarized than at resting potential

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6
Q

electrical signals are produced by changes in _____

A

ion movement

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7
Q

positive charges flow in –> _______

A

depolarization

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8
Q

positive charges flow out –> _________

A

repolarization

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9
Q

ion movement results from changes in ________ of cell membrane to ions

A

permeability

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10
Q

leak channels

A

open all the time - unregulated diffusion

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11
Q

gated channels

A

can open and close

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12
Q

voltage gated channels

A

respond to changes in mp

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13
Q

chemical gated channels

A

respond to chemical messengers

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14
Q

mechanical gated channels

A

respond to stretch

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15
Q

graded potentials

A

serve as short-distance signals

  • occurs in small, specialized region of excitable cell membranes
  • magnitude of GP varies directly with the magnitude of the triggering event
  • decremental spread - signal gradually decreases
  • if big enough, GP can initiate AP
16
Q

Action potentials

A

serve as long-distance signals

  • brief, rapid, large changes in membrane potential during which inside becomes more (+) than outside
  • non-decremental conduction - signal arrives at full speed
  • threshold potential mp to which membrane must be depolarized to initiate action potential
17
Q

GP example

A

ripple effect

18
Q

if threshold potential is not met, an AP will _____ occur. Threshold is the _________ point

A

not

all or none

19
Q

in neuron, threshold potential is ______ mV

A

-50 to -55

20
Q

AP in detail:
Triggering event = _____ from resting potential to _____ potential then rapid depolarization then rapid _______ with a brief _______ and return to resting potential

A

depolarization
threshold
repolarizatoin
hyperpolarization

21
Q

Na+ channels

A

2 gates

  1. activation - hinge door
  2. inactivation - ball and chain
22
Q

K+ channels

A

1 gate:

either open or closed (hinge)

23
Q

ion movement during AP

A
  1. Na+ gates open = depol (Na+ is rushing in) - open at -55 mV
  2. Na+ gates close (close by +30mV)
  3. K+ gates open = repol (K+ is rushing out - open at +30mV)
  4. resting potential is restored
  5. Na+/K+ pump restores ion concentration gradient
24
Q

sodium is pumped ____ and potassium is pumped ____

A

out

in

25
Q

refractory period

A

ensures one way propagation of AP ( a new AP cannot be generated)

26
Q

Absolute Refractory Period

A

unresponsive to further stimulate

- Na+ gate are not in resting conformation - ball and chain plugged the opening

27
Q

Relative Refractory Period

A

AP only if triggering event is STRONGER than usual

  • makes sure AP only occur in one direction
  • period of K+ outflux and hyperpolarization (-80mV)
28
Q

membrane potential

A

separation of + and - charges across a membrane

29
Q

resting potential

A

membrane potential of cells at rest (RMP)

-70 mV

30
Q

depolarization

A

membrane potential moves closer to 0 mV from RMP

31
Q

repolarization

A

membrane returns to resting potential after depolarization

32
Q

hyperpolarization

A

membrane becomes more polarized than at resting potential

33
Q

is hyperpolarization an upward or downward from RMP

A

downward

34
Q

now if diffusion is going to take place, which way will these ions move?

A

K+ wants to go out, Na+ wants to move in

35
Q

voltage gated

A

respond to changes in membrane potential

36
Q

chemically gated

A

respond to chemical messengers

HSC 215 Exam #1 (5 decks)

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