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ANATOMY EXAM 1 > Shoulder & Pectoral Region > Flashcards

Shoulder & Pectoral Region Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three kinds of fascia?

A
  1. Pectoral Fascia
  2. Axillary Fascia
  3. Clavipectoral Fascia
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2
Q

Pectoral Fascia

A

SUPERIORLY attaches to clavicle and sternum

  • continuous inferiorly with the fascia of the anterior abdominal wall
  • covers pectoralis major m.
  • deep to platisma m.
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3
Q

Clavipectoral fascia

A
  • deep to pectoralis major
  • descends from clavicle
  • encloses subclavius m. and pectoralis minor m.
  • inferior to pectoralis minor becomes suspensory ligament of the axilla
  • pulls the skin of the axilla superiorly with shoulder abduction
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4
Q

axillary fascia

A
  • continuation of pectoral fascia laterally
  • forms the floor of the axilla
  • very fatty and filled with lymph nodes and veins
  • need fat to protect the nerves and arteries that pass through there to upper extremity
  • in the deep armpit region
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5
Q

what does the pectoral fascia cover?

A

pectoralis major

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6
Q

what does clavipectoral fascia enclose?

A
  • subclavius m.

- pectoralis minor m.

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7
Q

the axillary fascia is continuous of pectoral fascia in which direction?

A

laterally

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8
Q

what is located on C4/C5?

A

clavicle

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9
Q

What is located on T4?

A

nipples

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10
Q

what is located on T10?

A

umbilicus

-belly button

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11
Q

pectoralis major

A

large, fan-shaped muscle covering most of anterior thoracic wall

  • pulling on humerus gives medial rotation
  • allows for adduction and flexion

innervated by: medial and lateral pectoral nerve

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12
Q

pectoralis minor

A

origin: 3rd to 5th ribs
insertion: caracoid process of the scapula

-landmark for axillary structures (axillary a.)

  • function: pulls the scapula medially, forward, and downward
  • aids in respiration

innervated by: medial pectoral nerve

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13
Q

serratus anterior

A

“boxers/swimmers” muscles

  • sawtoothed muscle helps stabilize scapula
  • lateral surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs
  • hugs the rib cage and goes around to posterior border and inserts at medial border of scapula from underneath side
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14
Q

what is the serratus anterior innervated by?

A

long thoracic nerve

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15
Q

what happens if the long thoracic nerve is injured or torn?

A

winging of scapula

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16
Q

what are the functions of the serratus anterior?

A

when contracts it will pull the scapula forward

  • helps keep medial border of scapula down and attached to chest
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17
Q

what is the serratus anterior attached to?

A

the ribs

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18
Q

what is the deltoid attached to?

A

humerus

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19
Q

what is the trapezius insertion?

A
  • lateral 1/3 of clavicle
  • medial side of acromion
  • upper crest and tubercle of scapular spine
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20
Q

supraspinatus initiates abduction up to how many degrees?

A

0-15 degrees

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21
Q

what degrees can the deltoid abduct?

A

15-90 degrees

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22
Q

what muscle completes the abduction of the humerus? how many degrees?

A

trapezius

180 degrees

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23
Q

where is the axillary nerve located?

A

brachial plexus

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24
Q

what muscles allow for the greater movement of the shoulder?

A

rotator cuff muscles

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25
Q

what 4 muscles make up the rotator cuffs?

[S i t S]

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

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26
Q

what muscle is most frequently torn in rotator cuff injuries?

A

supraspinatus

27
Q

T or F. Supraspinatus rotates the humerus

A

FALSE.

it does not rotate humerus
-it INITIATES abduction of the arm

28
Q

if you remove the deltoid what muscles will be seen?

A

rotator cuff muscles

29
Q

what is the roll of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

hold humerus into joint
-give great flexibility

-easier to dislocate & injure

30
Q

teres major

A

adducts and medially rotates arm

-similiar function to latissimus dorsi (smaller)

31
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus at shoulder

32
Q

levator scapulae

A

elevates scapula medially, inferiorly rotates glenoid cavity

33
Q

rhomboids

A

fix scapula to thoracic wall; retract and rotate scapula to depress glenoid cavity

-drop shoulder

34
Q

how many parts is the subclavian artery broken down into?

A

3

35
Q

1st part of subclavian artery

A

VIT

Vertebral artery
Internal thoracic artery
Thyrocervical trunk 
    -inferior thyroid A. 
    -transverse cervical A.
    -suprascapular A.
36
Q

2nd part of subclavian artery

A

costocervical trunk

37
Q

3rd part of subclavian artery

A

dorsal scapular artery

38
Q

what muscle lays on top of subclavian artery?

A

anterior scalene muscle

39
Q

branches of the axillary a. are related to what muscle?

A

pectoralis minor

40
Q

1st part of axillary artery

A

Superior thoracic artery

41
Q

2nd part of axillary artery

A

thoracoacromial artery

lateral thoracic artery

42
Q

where does the lateral thoracic artery run to?

A

runs down to lateral portion of chest to supply blood to breast

43
Q

3rd part of axillary artery

A
  • subscapular (cicumflex scapular & thoracodorsal)
  • anterior cicumflex humeral a.
  • posterior circumflex humeral a.
44
Q

why is there a suprascapular notch?

A

ligament converts notch to a “foramen” because will have a superior transverse scapular ligament

-above the spine of the scapula

45
Q

what are the boundaries of the triangular space?

A
  • (s) teres minor
  • (i) teres major
  • (L) long head of triceps
46
Q

what passes through the triangular space?

A

circumflex scapular artery

47
Q

what are the boundaries of the quadrangular space?

A
  • (s) teres minor
  • (i) teres major
  • (m) long head of triceps
  • (L) humerus
48
Q

what passes through the quadrangular space?

A

axillary nerve

posterior humeral circumflex artery (wraps around humerus)

49
Q

what are the boundaries of the triangular interval?

A
  • (s) teres major
  • (m) long head of triceps
  • (L) lateral head of triceps
50
Q

what passes through the triangular interval?

A

radial nerve

profunda brachii artery

51
Q

where does the posterior circumflex humeral artery go to?

A

deltoid muscle

52
Q

axilla

A

pyramid-shaped space

  • inferior to glenohumeral joint
  • superior to axillary fascia

-serves as a protected passageway for the neurovascular structures from the neck to the upper limb
axillary A.
brachial plexus
axillary V.

53
Q

why do you want to keep the axilla space open & protected?

A

to prevent pinched nerves

54
Q

what % is tubuloalveorlar glands in the breast?

A

95%

55
Q

how many lactiferous ducts per lobe and sinus?

A

1

56
Q

what % of tumors originate in the duct?

A

80%

57
Q

suspensory ligaments (of Cooper)

A

attach lobes to skin & divide glandular tissue into lobes

58
Q

where are the lactiferous ducts located?

A

at surface of nipple

59
Q

what are the lymph nodes of the breast?

[C.L.A.S.P]

A 
Central nodes
Humeral (lateral) nodes
Apical nodes (below clavicle)
Subscapular (posterior) nodes
Pectoral (anterior) nodes
60
Q

what artery mainly supplies the breast? what cavity does it come from?

A

lateral thoracic artery

-axillary artery

61
Q

internal thoracic artery (internal mammary)

A

-subclavian artery

  • runs internal portion of chest
  • perforating branches that will go through ribs & supply to breast
62
Q

about what % of breast tissue drains medially?

A

20%

63
Q

where does most of the breast tissue drain to?

A

laterally

64
Q

what vein is located underneath the clavicle by the apical nodes?

A

subclavian vein

ANATOMY EXAM 1 (7 decks)

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