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ANATOMY EXAM 1 > Posterior Triangles of the Neck > Flashcards

Posterior Triangles of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

innervated by accessory nerve.

attached to sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process

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2
Q

mastoid

A

right behind the ear

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3
Q

C1 is how much more lateral in cm compared to other cervical vertebrae?

A

1 cm

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4
Q

functions of fascial

A
  1. hold everything together
  2. allow muscles to slide against each other & other structures w/o impending each other
  3. helps stop spread infection
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5
Q

investing layer of dense connective tissue

A
  • “sleeve” binding all structures in the neck
  • attached to ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7 vertebrae
  • splits to enclose trapezius (posterior) & sternocleidomastoid (anterior) mm
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6
Q

T or F. the spinous process of C7 is the shortest.

A

False.

it is the longest

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7
Q

infrahyoid fascia

A

-covers supra & infra-hyoid muscles (strap muscles)

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8
Q

strap muscles

A
  • little muscles above and below the hyoid bone

- work with jaw, layrnx, and hyoid bone

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9
Q

pretracheal fascia

A

-viscera surrounded with a layer of fascia including: (anterior)

  • thyroid gland
  • parathyroid gland
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • esophagus
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10
Q

carotid sheath

A
  • carotid artery
  • internal jugular vein
  • vagus vein
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11
Q

prevertebral (deep cervical) fascia

A

covers vertebral muscles

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12
Q

platysma muscle

A
  • superficial muscle originating from clavipectoral fascia
  • coursing superiorly over neck
  • inserts along several muscles of facial expression into skin around chin & mouth

-innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve

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13
Q

T or F. when you are born you already have a mastoid process

A

False

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14
Q

what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A

Anterior: sternocleidomastoid muscle

posterior: trapezius

inferior (base): clavicle

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15
Q

what to muscles make up the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

sternal head and clavicular head

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16
Q

what is inside the posterior triangle?

A

posterior, middle, anterior scalene muscles

  • splenius capitus
  • levator scapulae
  • brachial plexus
  • omohyoid muscles (inferior belly)
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17
Q

what divides the posterior triangle into two triangles?

A

inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle

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18
Q

what are the boundaries of the occipital triangle?

A
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • trapezius
  • inferior belly of omohydoid
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19
Q

what are the boundaries of the subclavicular triangle?

A
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • inferior belly of omohyoid
  • clavicle
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20
Q

what are the 2 triangles that make up the posterior triangle?

A
  • occipital triangle (above inferior belly)

- subclavicular triangle (below inferior belly)

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21
Q

what is the function of the omohyoid muscle (superior belly)

A
  • put hyoid bone down
  • has unique fascial sling that attaches it to posterior end of clavicle
  • attaches to scapula posteriorly, hyoid bone superiorly
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22
Q

which is the smallest of the 3 scalene muscles?

A

posterior scalene

-attaches to 2nd rib

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23
Q

which is the biggest of the 3 scalene muscles?

A

middle scalene

  • attaches to 1st rib
  • sits behind the brachial plexus
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24
Q

sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

takes mastoid process and pulls it to sternum

  • head rotates in opposite directions
  • flex anteriorly

-tilts head to side

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25
Q

sternocleidomastoid muscle unilaterally

A

acts to tilt the head to the same side and rotate the head in the opposite direction

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26
Q

sternocleidomastoid muscle bilaterally

A

acts to extend the head and to aid in respiration when the head is fixed

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27
Q

sternocleidomastoid muscle is innervated by?

A

accessory nerve

-same as trapezius

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28
Q

platysma muscle

A

muscle of fascial expression
-superficial: rests on top of everything

-shaving muscle

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29
Q

what do the anterior scalene muscles come off of?

A

the anterior tubercles of transverse process (C3-6)

30
Q

what do the middle and posterior muscles come off of?

A

the posterior tubercles of transverse process

31
Q

all 3 scalene muscles are done by?

A

cervical plexus (C1-C4)

32
Q

accessory nerve (CN XI)

A

comes out of jugular foramen

  • lays deep on SCM and goes to trapezius MOTOR N.
  • lays on top of levator scapulae
  • from medulla oblongata
33
Q

transverse cervical artery

A
  • comes out of brachial plexus

- lays across middle & posterior scalene M. & a little levator scapulae

34
Q

Erb’s point

A

1/2 way of sternocleidomastoid muscle

  • POP OUT: cutaneous muscles of the cervical plexus
  • accessory nerve is deep to the investing fascia
35
Q

transverse cervical N.

A

heads straight to front of throat from Erb’s point

-anterior portion of neck (larynx)

36
Q

greater auricular N.

A

lays right on top of SCM

-right to bottom of the ear

37
Q

lesser occipital N.

A

posterior border of SCM

-area behind ear

38
Q

supraclavicular N.

A

spread on top of clavicle and acromium

-drops down to inferior nerve region

39
Q

T or F. cutaneous branches of cervical plexus are both sensory and motor

A

FALSE. only sensory!

40
Q

What make up the motor portion of the cervical plexus?

A
  • phrenic N.
  • ansa cervicalis
  • ventral rami
41
Q

what are the 2 roots of the ansa cervicalis?

A

C1 ventral ramus

C2 and C2 rami

42
Q

what does the ansa cervicalis lay right on top of?

A

coratid sheath

-has lots of fascia to keep it bound

43
Q

where can most of the motor portion of the cervical plexus be found?

A

deep to the sensory portion and in the carotid triangle

44
Q

what does the phrenic nerve sit on top of?

A

anterior scalene muscle

45
Q

what does C1 ventral ramus of ansa cervicalis innervate?

A

geniohyoid & thyrohoid muscles

46
Q

what does C2 and C3 rami of ansa cervicalis innervate?

A

strap muscle of neck

47
Q

what are the strap muscles of the neck?

A
  • sternohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • omohyoid
48
Q

what nerve does the C1 ventral branch hug?

A

hypoglossal nerve (XII)

49
Q

what are the branches of the 1st segment of the subclavian artery?

A

VIT

  • vertebral artery
  • internal thoracic a.
  • thyrocervical trunk
50
Q

what are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

A

S.I.T.A

  • suprascapular a.
  • inferior thyroid a
  • transverse cervical
51
Q

the 1st segment of the subclavian artery lies ______to anterior scalene muscle?

A

proximal

52
Q

the 2nd segment of the subclavian artery lies _____ anterior scalene muscle?

A

behind

53
Q

the 3rd segment of the subclavian artery lies ______to anterior scalene muscle?

A

distal

54
Q

T or F. the brachial plexus is behind the subclavian artery

A

TRUE

55
Q

vertebral artery

A

to brain
-via transverse foramina & foramen magnum

-foramen transverse of C6

56
Q

internal thoracic a.

A

posterior aspect of anterior chest wall

57
Q

suprascapular a.

A

area above scapula and rhomboids

-follow clavicle around

58
Q

inferior thyroid a.

A

thyroid and larynx

59
Q

transverse cervical a.

A

scalene and posterior triangle muscles

  • brachial plexus
  • posterior around neck
  • right on top of anterior scalene
60
Q

ascending cervical a.

A

area around the scalenes and anterior tubercles

-spinal cord

61
Q

what are the branches of the subclavian artery in the 2nd segment?

A

C

costocervical trunk

62
Q

what are the branches of the costocervical trunk?

A

supreme intercostal a.

deep cervical a.

63
Q

supreme intercostal a.

A

first and second intercostal spaces

-down into 1st, 2nd, 3rd ribs laterally

64
Q

deep cervical a.

A

prevertebral and deep neck structures

-up into NECK

65
Q

what are the branches of the 3rd segment of the subclavian artery?

A

dorsal scapular artery

66
Q

dorsal scapular a.

A

runs with dorsal scapular n.

-goes to rhomboids and levator scapula

67
Q

T or F. vertebral artery goes through C7 foramen

A

FALSE, goes on top of C7 foramen

68
Q

omohyoid muslce

A

acts to depress the hyoid

-draw the larynx and hyoid bone down for phonation and swallowing

69
Q

omohyoid m. origin

A

superior border of the scapula

70
Q

omohyoid m. insertion

A

inserts onto the hyoid bone

71
Q

what are omohyoid muscles innervated by?

A

ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus (C1-C3)

ANATOMY EXAM 1 (7 decks)

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