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ANATOMY EXAM 1 > Posterior Triangles of the Neck > Flashcards

Posterior Triangles of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

innervated by accessory nerve.

attached to sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process

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2
Q

mastoid

A

right behind the ear

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3
Q

C1 is how much more lateral in cm compared to other cervical vertebrae?

A

1 cm

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4
Q

functions of fascial

A
  1. hold everything together
  2. allow muscles to slide against each other & other structures w/o impending each other
  3. helps stop spread infection
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5
Q

investing layer of dense connective tissue

A
  • “sleeve” binding all structures in the neck
  • attached to ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7 vertebrae
  • splits to enclose trapezius (posterior) & sternocleidomastoid (anterior) mm
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6
Q

T or F. the spinous process of C7 is the shortest.

A

False.

it is the longest

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7
Q

infrahyoid fascia

A

-covers supra & infra-hyoid muscles (strap muscles)

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8
Q

strap muscles

A
  • little muscles above and below the hyoid bone

- work with jaw, layrnx, and hyoid bone

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9
Q

pretracheal fascia

A

-viscera surrounded with a layer of fascia including: (anterior)

  • thyroid gland
  • parathyroid gland
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • esophagus
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10
Q

carotid sheath

A
  • carotid artery
  • internal jugular vein
  • vagus vein
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11
Q

prevertebral (deep cervical) fascia

A

covers vertebral muscles

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12
Q

platysma muscle

A
  • superficial muscle originating from clavipectoral fascia
  • coursing superiorly over neck
  • inserts along several muscles of facial expression into skin around chin & mouth

-innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve

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13
Q

T or F. when you are born you already have a mastoid process

A

False

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14
Q

what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A

Anterior: sternocleidomastoid muscle

posterior: trapezius

inferior (base): clavicle

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15
Q

what to muscles make up the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

sternal head and clavicular head

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16
Q

what is inside the posterior triangle?

A

posterior, middle, anterior scalene muscles

  • splenius capitus
  • levator scapulae
  • brachial plexus
  • omohyoid muscles (inferior belly)
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17
Q

what divides the posterior triangle into two triangles?

A

inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle

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18
Q

what are the boundaries of the occipital triangle?

A
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • trapezius
  • inferior belly of omohydoid
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19
Q

what are the boundaries of the subclavicular triangle?

A
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • inferior belly of omohyoid
  • clavicle
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20
Q

what are the 2 triangles that make up the posterior triangle?

A
  • occipital triangle (above inferior belly)

- subclavicular triangle (below inferior belly)

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21
Q

what is the function of the omohyoid muscle (superior belly)

A
  • put hyoid bone down
  • has unique fascial sling that attaches it to posterior end of clavicle
  • attaches to scapula posteriorly, hyoid bone superiorly
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22
Q

which is the smallest of the 3 scalene muscles?

A

posterior scalene

-attaches to 2nd rib

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23
Q

which is the biggest of the 3 scalene muscles?

A

middle scalene

  • attaches to 1st rib
  • sits behind the brachial plexus
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24
Q

sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

takes mastoid process and pulls it to sternum

  • head rotates in opposite directions
  • flex anteriorly

-tilts head to side

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25
sternocleidomastoid muscle unilaterally
acts to tilt the head to the same side and rotate the head in the opposite direction
26
sternocleidomastoid muscle bilaterally
acts to extend the head and to aid in respiration when the head is fixed
27
sternocleidomastoid muscle is innervated by?
accessory nerve | -same as trapezius
28
platysma muscle
muscle of fascial expression -superficial: rests on top of everything -shaving muscle
29
what do the anterior scalene muscles come off of?
the anterior tubercles of transverse process (C3-6)
30
what do the middle and posterior muscles come off of?
the posterior tubercles of transverse process
31
all 3 scalene muscles are done by?
cervical plexus (C1-C4)
32
accessory nerve (CN XI)
comes out of jugular foramen - lays deep on SCM and goes to trapezius MOTOR N. - lays on top of levator scapulae - from medulla oblongata
33
transverse cervical artery
- comes out of brachial plexus | - lays across middle & posterior scalene M. & a little levator scapulae
34
Erb's point
1/2 way of sternocleidomastoid muscle - POP OUT: cutaneous muscles of the cervical plexus - accessory nerve is deep to the investing fascia
35
transverse cervical N.
heads straight to front of throat from Erb's point -anterior portion of neck (larynx)
36
greater auricular N.
lays right on top of SCM | -right to bottom of the ear
37
lesser occipital N.
posterior border of SCM | -area behind ear
38
supraclavicular N.
spread on top of clavicle and acromium | -drops down to inferior nerve region
39
T or F. cutaneous branches of cervical plexus are both sensory and motor
FALSE. only sensory!
40
What make up the motor portion of the cervical plexus?
- phrenic N. - ansa cervicalis - ventral rami
41
what are the 2 roots of the ansa cervicalis?
C1 ventral ramus | C2 and C2 rami
42
what does the ansa cervicalis lay right on top of?
coratid sheath | -has lots of fascia to keep it bound
43
where can most of the motor portion of the cervical plexus be found?
deep to the sensory portion and in the carotid triangle
44
what does the phrenic nerve sit on top of?
anterior scalene muscle
45
what does C1 ventral ramus of ansa cervicalis innervate?
geniohyoid & thyrohoid muscles
46
what does C2 and C3 rami of ansa cervicalis innervate?
strap muscle of neck
47
what are the strap muscles of the neck?
- sternohyoid - sternothyroid - omohyoid
48
what nerve does the C1 ventral branch hug?
hypoglossal nerve (XII)
49
what are the branches of the 1st segment of the subclavian artery?
VIT - vertebral artery - internal thoracic a. - thyrocervical trunk
50
what are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?
S.I.T.A - suprascapular a. - inferior thyroid a - transverse cervical
51
the 1st segment of the subclavian artery lies ______to anterior scalene muscle?
proximal
52
the 2nd segment of the subclavian artery lies _____ anterior scalene muscle?
behind
53
the 3rd segment of the subclavian artery lies ______to anterior scalene muscle?
distal
54
T or F. the brachial plexus is behind the subclavian artery
TRUE
55
vertebral artery
to brain -via transverse foramina & foramen magnum -foramen transverse of C6
56
internal thoracic a.
posterior aspect of anterior chest wall
57
suprascapular a.
area above scapula and rhomboids -follow clavicle around
58
inferior thyroid a.
thyroid and larynx
59
transverse cervical a.
scalene and posterior triangle muscles - brachial plexus - posterior around neck - right on top of anterior scalene
60
ascending cervical a.
area around the scalenes and anterior tubercles -spinal cord
61
what are the branches of the subclavian artery in the 2nd segment?
C costocervical trunk
62
what are the branches of the costocervical trunk?
supreme intercostal a. | deep cervical a.
63
supreme intercostal a.
first and second intercostal spaces -down into 1st, 2nd, 3rd ribs laterally
64
deep cervical a.
prevertebral and deep neck structures -up into NECK
65
what are the branches of the 3rd segment of the subclavian artery?
dorsal scapular artery
66
dorsal scapular a.
runs with dorsal scapular n. -goes to rhomboids and levator scapula
67
T or F. vertebral artery goes through C7 foramen
FALSE, goes on top of C7 foramen
68
omohyoid muslce
acts to depress the hyoid | -draw the larynx and hyoid bone down for phonation and swallowing
69
omohyoid m. origin
superior border of the scapula
70
omohyoid m. insertion
inserts onto the hyoid bone
71
what are omohyoid muscles innervated by?
ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus (C1-C3)

ANATOMY EXAM 1 (7 decks)

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