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ANATOMY EXAM 1 > Back > Flashcards

Back Flashcards

1
Q

what 2 groups can the back be divided into?

A
  1. extrinsic muscles

2. intrinsic muscles

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2
Q

extrinsic muslces

A
  • superficial & intermediate groups
  • involved with movements of upper limbs & thoracic wall
  • goes to a different location
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3
Q

What are extrinsic muscles innervated by?

A

anterior rami of spinal nerves

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4
Q

intrinsic muscles (true back muscles)

A
  • deep group (inside)
  • support & move the vertebral column
  • participate in moving head
  • only function with back, does not go to another area
  • act to maintain posture and control movements of the vertebral column
  • extend from pelvis to the cranium
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5
Q

what are intrinsic muscles innervated by?

A

posterior rami of spinal nerves

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6
Q

what makes up the shoulder girdle?

A
  1. clavicle

2. scapula

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7
Q

what consists of the scapula?

A
  • 3 angles
  • 3 borders
  • 3 fossae
  • 3 processes
  • group of 3 muscles
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8
Q

what are the 3 processes of scapula?

A
  1. spine
  2. acromium
  3. cracoid
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9
Q

Superficial extrinsic muscles

A
  • control upper limb movement
  • Layer 1: trapezius & latissimus dorsi
  • Layer 2: rhomboid majorm minor, levato scapulae
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10
Q

intermediate extrinsic muscles

A
  • control respiratory movements

- serratus posterior superior & inferior

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11
Q

what supplies the trapezius?

A
  • CN XI

- transverse cervical artery

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12
Q

what supplies the latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve & artery

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13
Q

what supplies layer 2 of extrinsic superficial?

A

-dorsal scapular nerve

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14
Q

what is the role of extrinsic intermediate muscles?

A

control respiratory muscles

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15
Q

Serratus posterior superior

A
  • extrinsic intermediate
  • origin @ spine
  • down to ribs
  • acts to ELEVATE the ribs
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16
Q

Serratus posterior inferior

A
  • extrinsic intermediate
  • origin @ spine
  • up to ribs (9-12)
  • acts to DEPRESS the ribs
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17
Q

serratus anterior

A
  • 8 digits from the ribs
  • goes to scapula
  • very close to armpit & breast
  • contract muscle = PROTRACTION forward movement of scapula
  • boxing & swimming
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18
Q

what is the serratus anterior muscle known as?

A

boxer’s muscle

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19
Q

what is the serratus anterior supplied by?

A
  • laterAl thoracic Artery

- loNg thoracic Nerve

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20
Q

what happens if there is an injury to the long thoracic nerve of the serratus anterior muscle?

A

**WINGING OF THE SCAPULA

-medial border of the scapula moves LATERALLY and POSTERIORLY away from the thoracic wall

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21
Q

what does the erector spinae do?

A
  • intermediate layer of intrinsic muscle

- extends vertebral column

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22
Q

what is below the semispinalis capitis?

A

suboccipital triangle

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23
Q

what does occipit mean?

A

bone in skull

24
Q

what three components make up a vertebrae?

A
  1. vertebral body
  2. pedicle
  3. vertebral arch
25
pedicle
connects body and arch in the vertebrae
26
transverse process
fused rib element -muscle attachment
27
superior articular process
articulates with above vertebrae
28
inferior articular process
articulates with vertebrae below
29
what is a unique feature to cervical vertebrae?
transverse foramen
30
how many vertebrae are there?
7
31
whats the name for C1?
Atlas
32
Name for C2?
Axial
33
Name for C7?
Vertebrae prominens | -bone you can feel at back of neck
34
T or F every vertebrae has a body?
False, Atlas (C1) does not have a body.
35
where does vertebral artery go from?
neck--> cranial cavity (brain)
36
what is the purpose of the groove in C1?
allows the vertebral artery to loop around and get to cranial cavity.. reason why C1 does not have a body
37
What is the purpose of the Dens in C2?
- process | - enters into the open cavity of C1
38
Atlas (C1)
- no body - no spinous process - 1st cervical vertebrae - carries the skull - identify it because has 2 arches - -> anterior = short - -> posterior = long - kidney shape = superior (up) - contains a transverse ligament
39
Axial (C2)
- unique: fishtail at bottom - contains dens --> body of atlas -bifid spinous process (fishtail)
40
another word for C2 dens
odontoid process
41
median atlanto-axial joint
-pivot joint | -NO-NO Joint shaking-rotation
42
atlanto-occipital joint
-YES-YES joint | Nodding-flexion & extension
43
what must be removed in order to see the suboccipital triangle?
- trapezius - sternomastoid - splenius capitis - semispinalis capitis
44
name the 4 suboccipital muscles
- rectus capitis posterior minor - rectus capitis posterior major - obliquus capitis superior - obliquees capitis inferior
45
obliques go from ______ to _______
origin to insertion
46
rectus capitis posterior minor
- shorter - medial - not in the occipital triangle origin: posterior tubercle of posterior arch of C1 insertion: medial part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone
47
rectus capitis posterior major
- longer - lateral - in the occipital triangle origin: spinous process of C2 insertion: lateral part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone
48
what are the 3 boundaries that make up the occipital triangle?
1. rectus capitis posterior major 2. obliquus capitis superior 3. obliquus capitis inferior
49
obliquus capitis inferior
origin: posterior tubercle of posterior arch of vertebra C2 insertion: transverse process of C1
50
obliquus capitis superior
origin: transverse process of C1 insertion: occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines
51
vertebral artery AKA
subclavian
52
occipital artery AKA
ECA
53
C1, dorsal ramus nerve?
suboccipital nerve MOTOR
54
C2, dorsal ramus nerve?
greater occipital nerve SENSORY
55
What do you draw the triangle between?
C1, C2, and back of occipital bone
56
what are the nerve and artery contents of the occipital triangle?
vertebral artery | suboccipital nerve

ANATOMY EXAM 1 (7 decks)

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