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ANATOMY EXAM 1 > Back > Flashcards

Back Flashcards

1
Q

what 2 groups can the back be divided into?

A
  1. extrinsic muscles

2. intrinsic muscles

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2
Q

extrinsic muslces

A
  • superficial & intermediate groups
  • involved with movements of upper limbs & thoracic wall
  • goes to a different location
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3
Q

What are extrinsic muscles innervated by?

A

anterior rami of spinal nerves

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4
Q

intrinsic muscles (true back muscles)

A
  • deep group (inside)
  • support & move the vertebral column
  • participate in moving head
  • only function with back, does not go to another area
  • act to maintain posture and control movements of the vertebral column
  • extend from pelvis to the cranium
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5
Q

what are intrinsic muscles innervated by?

A

posterior rami of spinal nerves

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6
Q

what makes up the shoulder girdle?

A
  1. clavicle

2. scapula

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7
Q

what consists of the scapula?

A
  • 3 angles
  • 3 borders
  • 3 fossae
  • 3 processes
  • group of 3 muscles
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8
Q

what are the 3 processes of scapula?

A
  1. spine
  2. acromium
  3. cracoid
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9
Q

Superficial extrinsic muscles

A
  • control upper limb movement
  • Layer 1: trapezius & latissimus dorsi
  • Layer 2: rhomboid majorm minor, levato scapulae
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10
Q

intermediate extrinsic muscles

A
  • control respiratory movements

- serratus posterior superior & inferior

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11
Q

what supplies the trapezius?

A
  • CN XI

- transverse cervical artery

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12
Q

what supplies the latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve & artery

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13
Q

what supplies layer 2 of extrinsic superficial?

A

-dorsal scapular nerve

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14
Q

what is the role of extrinsic intermediate muscles?

A

control respiratory muscles

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15
Q

Serratus posterior superior

A
  • extrinsic intermediate
  • origin @ spine
  • down to ribs
  • acts to ELEVATE the ribs
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16
Q

Serratus posterior inferior

A
  • extrinsic intermediate
  • origin @ spine
  • up to ribs (9-12)
  • acts to DEPRESS the ribs
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17
Q

serratus anterior

A
  • 8 digits from the ribs
  • goes to scapula
  • very close to armpit & breast
  • contract muscle = PROTRACTION forward movement of scapula
  • boxing & swimming
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18
Q

what is the serratus anterior muscle known as?

A

boxer’s muscle

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19
Q

what is the serratus anterior supplied by?

A
  • laterAl thoracic Artery

- loNg thoracic Nerve

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20
Q

what happens if there is an injury to the long thoracic nerve of the serratus anterior muscle?

A

**WINGING OF THE SCAPULA

-medial border of the scapula moves LATERALLY and POSTERIORLY away from the thoracic wall

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21
Q

what does the erector spinae do?

A
  • intermediate layer of intrinsic muscle

- extends vertebral column

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22
Q

what is below the semispinalis capitis?

A

suboccipital triangle

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23
Q

what does occipit mean?

A

bone in skull

24
Q

what three components make up a vertebrae?

A
  1. vertebral body
  2. pedicle
  3. vertebral arch
25
Q

pedicle

A

connects body and arch in the vertebrae

26
Q

transverse process

A

fused rib element

-muscle attachment

27
Q

superior articular process

A

articulates with above vertebrae

28
Q

inferior articular process

A

articulates with vertebrae below

29
Q

what is a unique feature to cervical vertebrae?

A

transverse foramen

30
Q

how many vertebrae are there?

A

7

31
Q

whats the name for C1?

A

Atlas

32
Q

Name for C2?

A

Axial

33
Q

Name for C7?

A

Vertebrae prominens

-bone you can feel at back of neck

34
Q

T or F every vertebrae has a body?

A

False, Atlas (C1) does not have a body.

35
Q

where does vertebral artery go from?

A

neck–> cranial cavity (brain)

36
Q

what is the purpose of the groove in C1?

A

allows the vertebral artery to loop around and get to cranial cavity..

reason why C1 does not have a body

37
Q

What is the purpose of the Dens in C2?

A
  • process

- enters into the open cavity of C1

38
Q

Atlas (C1)

A
  • no body
  • no spinous process
  • 1st cervical vertebrae
  • carries the skull
  • identify it because has 2 arches
    • -> anterior = short
    • -> posterior = long
  • kidney shape = superior (up)
  • contains a transverse ligament
39
Q

Axial (C2)

A
  • unique: fishtail at bottom
  • contains dens –> body of atlas

-bifid spinous process (fishtail)

40
Q

another word for C2 dens

A

odontoid process

41
Q

median atlanto-axial joint

A

-pivot joint

-NO-NO Joint
shaking-rotation

42
Q

atlanto-occipital joint

A

-YES-YES joint

Nodding-flexion & extension

43
Q

what must be removed in order to see the suboccipital triangle?

A
  • trapezius
  • sternomastoid
  • splenius capitis
  • semispinalis capitis
44
Q

name the 4 suboccipital muscles

A
  • rectus capitis posterior minor
  • rectus capitis posterior major
  • obliquus capitis superior
  • obliquees capitis inferior
45
Q

obliques go from ______ to _______

A

origin to insertion

46
Q

rectus capitis posterior minor

A
  • shorter
  • medial
  • not in the occipital triangle

origin: posterior tubercle of posterior arch of C1
insertion: medial part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

47
Q

rectus capitis posterior major

A
  • longer
  • lateral
  • in the occipital triangle

origin: spinous process of C2
insertion: lateral part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

48
Q

what are the 3 boundaries that make up the occipital triangle?

A
  1. rectus capitis posterior major
  2. obliquus capitis superior
  3. obliquus capitis inferior
49
Q

obliquus capitis inferior

A

origin: posterior tubercle of posterior arch of vertebra C2
insertion: transverse process of C1

50
Q

obliquus capitis superior

A

origin: transverse process of C1
insertion: occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

51
Q

vertebral artery AKA

A

subclavian

52
Q

occipital artery AKA

A

ECA

53
Q

C1, dorsal ramus nerve?

A

suboccipital nerve

MOTOR

54
Q

C2, dorsal ramus nerve?

A

greater occipital nerve

SENSORY

55
Q

What do you draw the triangle between?

A

C1, C2, and back of occipital bone

56
Q

what are the nerve and artery contents of the occipital triangle?

A

vertebral artery

suboccipital nerve

ANATOMY EXAM 1 (7 decks)

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