Shoulder - Muscles

Question 1

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 1

• Prominent muscle in the neck
• Originates from the sternum and clavicle
• Inserts at the mastoid process of the skull
• Head rotation/Tilting/Neck flexion (and lateral flexion)

Question 2

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 2

• Large muscle in the back
• Originates from lower spine thoracic and lumber vertebrae
• Inserts onto greater tuberosity of humerus
• Shoulder extension/Adduction/Internal rotation

Question 3

Pectoralis Major

Answer 3

• Large muscle on either side of chest
• Has clavicular head and sternocostal head
• Originates from clavicle and sternum
• Inserts into the humerus on greater tuberosity
• Shoulder flexion/Adduction/Internal rotation

Question 4

Serratus Anterior

Answer 4

• Located on the side of the ribcage below scapula
• Originates from outer surface of outer surface of upper 8 or 9 rib
• Inserts into the medial boarder of scapula
• Protraction/Upward rotation

Question 5

Trapezius

Answer 5

• Large muscle located on the back and the neck
• Three regions: Upper, middle and lower fibres
• Originates from external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T12 vertebrae (UPPER) and spinous processes of T1-T5 vertebrae (MIDDLE) and T6-T12 vertebrae (LOWER)
• Inserts lateral third of clavicle, spine of scapula and acromion process of scapula (UPPER), Spine of scapula (MIDDLE), Medial boarder of scapula (LOWER)
• Elevation/Retraction/Depression

Question 6

Biceps Brachii

Answer 6

• Upper arm on the front
• 2 Heads long and short heads
• Long head originates from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, shorts head originates from coracoid process of scapula
• Inserts onto radial tuberosity of radius bone
• Flexion at elbow joint

Question 7

Deltoid

Answer 7

• Major shoulder muscle
• Three parts: Anterior, posterior and middle
• Originates from lateral third of clavicle (ANTERIOR), Acromion process of scapula (MIDDLE), Spine of scapula (POSTERIOR)
• Inserts on the deltoid tuberosity of humerus
• Abduction/Flexion/Extension/Rotation

Question 8

Teres Major

Answer 8

• Back of shoulder
• Originates from inferior angle of scapula and lower part of lateral boarder of scapula
• Inserts on medial lip of inter tubercular groove of humerus
• Adduction/Extension/Medial rotation

Question 9

Infraspinatus

Answer 9

• Helps makes up group of rotator cuff muscles
• Back of shoulder blade
• Originates from infraspinous fossa
• Inserts onto greater tuberosity of humerus
• External rotation of arm

Question 10

Supraspinatus

Answer 10

• Muscle in shoulder
• Upper part of shoulder blade
• Originates from supraspinous fossa
• Abduction of arm

Question 11

Erector Spinae

Answer 11

• Group of muscles run cross the spine
• Originates along posterior parts of pelvis, sacrum and lumber/thoracic vertebrae
• Inserts into various points of the ribs, vertebrae and base of the skull
• Extension and rotation of the spine

Question 12

Triceps Brachii

Answer 12

• Located on back of upper arm
• Originates from scapula, humerus and lateral/medial heads of triceps
• Inserts at the olecranon process of ulna
• Extension at elbow joint