Shoulder MET/ART Lab

Question 1

What 3 bones make up the shoulder?

Answer 1

Clavicle, humerus, and scapula (coracoid, acromion)

Question 2

What are the 3 true synovial joints of the shoulder?

Answer 2

Glenohumeral, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular

Question 3

What are the functional joints of the shoulder?

Answer 3

Scapulothoracic (articulation of scapula on thoracic cage) and suprahumeral

Question 4

What are the accessory joints of the shoulder?

Answer 4

Costosternal and costovertebral

Question 5

What muscles are we evaluating in the shoulder region?

Answer 5

Upper trapezius, levator scapulae, supraspinatus, deltoids, pectoralis, rhomboids

Question 6

Explain downward rotation of the scapula

Answer 6

Turning on an anterior/posterior axis so that the scapula rotates in the frontal plane to tilt the glenoid fossa downward

Question 7

Explain upward rotation of the scapula

Answer 7

Turning on an anterior/posterior axis so that the scapula rotates in the frontal plane to tilt the glenoid fossa upward

Question 8

What is scapulo-humeral rhythm?

Answer 8

A 1:2 ratio of scapular motion to humeral motion

Example: 180 degrees of abduction = 60 degrees of scapular motion and 120 degrees of humeral motion

Question 9

What is elevation of the scapula and what muscles are involved?

Answer 9

Superior glide in a vertical direction along the coronal plane; upper trapezius and levator scapulae

Question 10

What is depression of the scapula and what muscles are involved?

Answer 10

Inferior glide in a vertical direction along the coronal plane; lower trapezius and lower rhomboids

Question 11

What is abduction (protraction) of the scapula and what muscles are involved?

Answer 11

Away from the spine, combined with a lateral tilt around the thorax; serratus anterior

Question 12

What is adduction (retraction) of the scapula and what muscles are involved?

Answer 12

Moving closer to the spine; rhomboids and middle trapezius

Question 13

What is backwards tilt of the scapula?

Answer 13

Turning on a horizontal axis so that the posterior surface faces downward and the inferior angle is anterior

Question 14

What is forward tilt of the scapula?

Answer 14

Turning on a horizontal axis so that the posterior surface faces upward and the inferior angle protrudes

Question 15

Describe muscle energy (MET)

Answer 15

• Engage the restrictive barrier and have the patient apply equal counterforce against the physician, maintaining an isometric contraction for 3-5 seconds
• Allow patient to relax 1-2 seconds for appropriate post isometric relaxation, then move into the next restrictive barrier
• Repeat 3-5 times or when motion is restored

Question 16

Describe articulatory (ART)

Answer 16

• Engage the restrictive barrier applying a gentle but firm fore in short distance increments through the restrictive barrier (low velocity, high amplitude)
• Force is applied rhythmically for 1-2 seconds and then return joint away from the engaged restrictive barrier before moving into the next restrictive barrier
• Repeat until motion is restored

Question 17

What does scapular elevation cause the SC joint to do and what is this called?

Answer 17

SC joint moves inferiorly; SC Abduction

Question 18

What does scapular depression cause the SC joint to do and what is this called?

Answer 18

SC joint moves superiorly; SC Adduction

Question 19

In 90 degrees shoulder flexion, protraction of the scapula causes the SC joint to do what and what is this called?

Answer 19

SC joint has posterior glide; SC Flexion

Question 20

In 90 degrees shoulder flexion, retraction of the scapula causes the SC joint to do what and what is this called?

Answer 20

SC joint has anterior glide; SC Extension

Question 21

Define extra-articular

Answer 21

Includes bones, muscles, tendons, bursa, and skin

Question 22

Define dislocation

Answer 22

Complete lack of contact between 2 articulate surfaces

Question 23

Define subluxation

Answer 23

Residual contact between 2 articulations surfaces

Question 24

Define valgus deformity

Answer 24

Distal part of limb directed away from the midline

Question 25

Define varus deformity

Answer 25

Distal part of limb directed toward midline