Shoulder Girdle and Humerus Flashcards
why use grids?
minimize scatter radiation
used when body part Is thicker than 10cm
used with higher kVp
Markers
on correct side of body
lateral aspect
int the beam not obstructing anatomy
patient face up - marker face up
patient face down - marker face down
what are compensating filters?
even out the density of the anatomy
- improve image quality
- may reduce radiation exposure
know how to position filters, and when
won’t use filters at Fanshawe, but maybe at placement
Filter placement
thickest part of filter corresponds with thinnest part of anatomy
collimator mounted and contact
What placement of a filter could decrease skin entrance exposure to the patient?
collimator mounted
What do you usually see on humeral and shoulder girdle images?
fractures
dislocations
arthritis
bone cysts/neoplasms
- usually located proximal humerus or distal knee)
What are the humerus views?
AP
Lateral
Transthoracic lateral
Humerus - AP projection
humerus true AP position
CR - perpendicular
CP - middle of humerus, may angle collimator
suspend respiration
Humerus - AP evaluation criteria
Both joints on image
no rotation
humeral head and greater tuberosity in profile
lesser tubercle between head and greater tubercle
use a practice breath when positioning to ensure you are not clipping any anatomy when they hold breath
Humerus - lateromedial
RPO
back of hand on hip
CR - perpendicular
CP - middle of humerus
- include 5cm/2” above/below humerus
Suspend respiration
epicondyles need to be stacked on top of each other
Humerus - Mediolateral
LAO
Arm and hand in same position as lateromedial
patient facing bucky
marker face down
Humerus - lateral projection evaluation criteria
both joints on image
superimposed epicondyles
lesser tubercle in profile
greater tubercle superimposed with head
Humerus - transthoracic lateral projection
injured humerus against bucky
raise remote arm above head
include all the humerus
use breathing technique - say act like breathing through a straw to ensure no shoulder movement
Humerus - transthoracic evaluation criteria
entire humerus on image
scapula, clavicle and humerus seen through lung field
breathing technique will blur ribs
increase time and decrease mA
What are the shoulder projections?
AP - internal, external and neutral rotation
Inferosuperior axial
Superoinferior axial
PA/AP oblique - scapular Y
AP oblique