Shoulder & Elbow Problems Flashcards

1
Q

In terms of shoulder problems what is the most likely injury for a 20yr old patient?

A

Fractures

Instability (i.e. dislocation)

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2
Q

In terms of shoulder problems what is the most likely injury for a 30 or 40 yr old patient?

A

Traumatic Rotator cuff tears

Capsulitis

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3
Q

In terms of shoulder problems what is the most likely injury for a 50 or 60 yr old patient?

A

Impingement

AC Joint degeneration

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4
Q

In terms of shoulder problems what is the most likely injury for a 75yr old patient?

A

Degenerative Rotator Cuff tears

Degenerative Joints

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5
Q

What are the types of Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation and their epidemiology?

A

90% are anterior
9% are posterior
1% are inferior

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6
Q

How can you treat a shoulder dislocation?

A

Manipulation
Immobilisation
Physiotherapy
Surgery

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7
Q

Define Subacromial Impingement?

A

Pain & dysfunction resulting from anything that decreases subacromial space or increases size of its contents

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8
Q

What could cause subacromial impingement?

A

Bony outgrowth under the acromion
Inflammation of supraspinatus tendon
Subacromial Bursitis

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9
Q

How do we treat a subacromial impingement?

A

Subacromial Steroid Injection followed by Physiotherapy.

If necessary surgery - Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression

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10
Q

What is frozen shouldeR?

A

A chronic fibrosing condition defined by:
- Insidious progressive loss of active and passive shoulder ROM
- Pain
All in the absence of any known intrinsic disorder

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11
Q

How do we diagnose frozen shoulder?

A

Based on the clinical presentation of progressive pain followed by progressive stiffness when coupled with a normal X-ray and no other pathology.

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12
Q

How do we treat Frozen shoulder?

A
Early on (in the painful stage) can do steroid injection.
Most cases present later in the stiff stage in which case surgery
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13
Q

How long does frozen shoulder last?

A

typically self-limiting but lasts around 18-24 months

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14
Q

Who gets a rotator cuff tear?

A

30s/40s get traumatic tears

elderly get degenerative tears

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15
Q

How do we treat a rotator cuff tear?

A

an Acute tear needs Early Surgery

A chronic degenerative tear only needs surgery if symptomatic

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16
Q

What types of arthritis affect the shoulder?

A

Osteoarthritis
Inflammatory Arthritis
Post-traumatic arthritis

17
Q

List the common elbow problems?

A

Fractures/dislocations in the young
Tendinopathies in the middle aged
Degeneration in the elderly
Cubital tunnel syndrome can affect anyone

18
Q

What are the most common elbow tendinopathies?

A

Golfer’s elbow - tendinopathy of the forearm flexors so pain at the medial epicondyle

Tennis Elbow - Tendinopathy of the forearm extensor so pain at the lateral epicondyle

Both are related to repetative strain from work or sport

19
Q

How do we treat tennis and golfer’s Elbow?

A

ACtivity modification

PLatelet Rich Plasma (PRP) injection into the tendon followed by Physio

20
Q

What happens in Cubital Tunnel Syndrome/

A

Compression of the ulnar nerve in the cubital fossa leads to loss of sensation in the little finger and medial half of ring finger