Hand Anatomy & Clinical Relevance Flashcards
How do we refer to the digits of the hand in short-form?
D1 -> D5 starting at the thumb
Whats different about the thumb and the other digits?
The thumb lacs a middle phalanx so only has one IP joint
What shape is the pisiform bone?
Sesamoid
Meaning it’s a smooth surface embedded within a tendon for it to slide over
Whats the commonest carpal bone to undergo arthritis?
Trapezium
Which carpal bone sits within the tendon of the FCU?
Pisiform
Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured?
Scaphoid
Whats particularly dangerous about a proximal scaphoid fracture?
The proximal scaphoid lacks a good blood supply so theres a high risk of avascular necrosis (AVN)
Whats a useful way to locate the flexor muscle of the forearm and the direction of their tendons?
Place the other hand on you forearm with the base of the thumb on the medial epicondyle.
Your four fingers should point down your forearm in the direction of each of the flexor muscles:
- Pinkie = FCU
- Ring = Palmaris Longus
- Middle = FCR
- INdex = Pronator Teres
How do we isolate to test the Flexor Digitorum Profundus?
Isolate the DIP by holding the rest of the finger straight, this prevents the FDS from working as it affects all the joints
How do we isolate the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?
FDS has individual muscle bellies for each finger whereas the FDP has one for the whole hand.
So hold the other fingers out straight to isolate one finger preventing the FDP from working
How many compartments are within the wrists extensor retinaculum?
6
What muscle tendons are found in each compartment of the Extensor Retinaculum?
1 - EPB & APL 2 - ECRL & ECRB 3 - EPL 4 - Extensor Indices & Extensor Digitorum 5 - EDM 6 - ECU
What tendons form the anatomical snuffbox?
Medially its the Extensor Pollicis Longus
Laterally its the Abductor Pollicis Longus
What type of joint is the elbow?
Hinge
What type of joint is the wrist?
Synovial Condylar
What type of joint is the carpometacarpal?
Synovial Condylar
What type of joint is the Metacarpophalangeal?
Synovial Condylar
What type of joint is the carpometacapral joint of the thumb?
Saddle
Describe the name changes of the subclavian artery>
Subclavian until the lateral border of the 1st rib
Axillary until lower border of teres major
Brachial until cubital fossa
Ulnar and radial until palm
Which artery gives rise to which palmar arch?
Ulnar mostly contributes to the Superficial Palmar arch (also more distal)
Radial mostly contributes to the deep palmar arch (also more proximal)
What arteries supply the fingers?
Digital arteries, branches of the palmar arches
What happens to the dorsal venous arch as it drains into the forearm?
Becomes the cephalic vein laterally and the basilic vein medially
What happens to the basilic and cephalic veins?
Basilic travels up the medial side becoming the brachial and then axillary
Cephalic travels laterally and drains into the axillary just below the clavicle
both connected by the median cubital vein across the cubital fossa
What nerve supplies the Arm flexors?
Musculocutaneous
What nerve supplies the arm extensors?
Radial
What nerve supplies the forearm flexors?
Median - Most
Ulnar - FCU and FDP
What nerve supplies the forearm extensors?
Radial along with the brachioradialis muscle
What nerve supplies the muscles of the hand?
Mostly the Ulnar
Thenar muscles & 1st 2 lumbricals = Median
