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EPI > Short virus topics T/F > Flashcards

Short virus topics T/F Flashcards

1
Q

Porcine parvovirus 1 is transmitted

through the faecal-oral route.

A

True (+ boar semen)

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2
Q

Parvovirus vaccine usually induce

protection up to 6 months.

A

False (1 year)

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3
Q

Porcine parvovirus multiplies in

lymphoid tissue of the throat.

A

True

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4
Q

The Hoko pig virus does not occur in

Hungary.

A

False (occurs in Hong Kong, Great Britain, Transylvania, Hungary)

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5
Q

Colostral immunity against swine

parvovirus lasts for months.

A

True (6 months: vaccinate piglets

after 6 months of age)

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6
Q

Porcine Parvovirus infection causes reproduction problems in swine herds.

A

True (SMEDI – Return to oestrus, abortion, reduced litter size)

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7
Q

Swine parvovirus is rare, mainly in backyardherds.

A

False (Worldwide, Endemic in most herds)

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8
Q

Swine parvovirus is frequent, causing clinical disease in all age groups

A

False (Mainly results in reproductive disorders in 1st parity pigs)

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9
Q

Swine parvovirus is frequent, causing foetal damage only.

A

False (no foetal damage)

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10
Q

Swine parvovirus cause foetal damage and resp signs in first pregnant gilts.

A

False (Can cause respiratpry disease in adults but this is rare)

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11
Q

Swine herds infected with parvovirus should be excluded from further breeding.

A

False (Recovery → Lifelong immunity (allow natural seroconversion of gilts)

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12
Q

They should be sent for slaughter (pork with parvo).

A

False

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13
Q

Postpone first mating and vaccinate them (pork with parvo).

A

False? No need to postpone breeding → Vaccinate with inactivated (live), vaccines at 6 months of age

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14
Q

No vaccination is needed as clinical signs are mild.

A

False (Infection results in great economic losses → Reduced litter size etc. )

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15
Q

Spreads both horizontally and germinatively.

A

False (Transplacental infection of piglets → SMEDI)

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16
Q

Prevention of PPV – General preventative rules and vaccination are used.

A

True (Hygiene (virus shed in faeces & saliva)

Vaccination (after 6 months of age)

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17
Q

Neurological disorders are frequent in porcine parvovirus infections.

A

False (PPV-1 infection results in reproductive problems in 1st parity females)

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18
Q

The primary site of porcine parvovirus (PPV-1) replication is in the small intestines.

A

True

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19
Q

Porcine parvovirus (PPV-1) infection of seronegative pregnant animals can damage the foetus.

A

True (1st paritly pigs → Virus is able to cross placenta & cause foetal infection )

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20
Q

Porcine parvoviruses are genetically uniform.

A

False (PPV2)

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21
Q

PPV-1 induces diarrhea in suckling piglets.

A

False (Can cause systemic disease in neonates)

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22
Q

Porcine SMEDI can only be induced by parvoviruses.

A

False (A number of other infectious agents result in SMEDI= stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, infertility)

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23
Q

Porcine HoKoviruses are only present in China.

A

False

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24
Q

Porcine parvovirus (PPV-1) vaccinations start at or after 6 months of age.

A

True (1st vaccination >6 months of age, 1-2x prior to breeding & repeat annually )

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25
Q

Piglets of sows seroconverted by PPV-1 are maternally protected for 6 months.

A

True (Hence why we don’t begin vaccination programmes until 6 months of age)

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26
Q

PPV-1 is endemic in most pig herds.

A

True (may disappear spontaneously in herds with <100 sows)

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27
Q

New variants of PPV1 may breakthrough the immune protection.

A

True

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28
Q

Canine parvovirus two known serotypes

A

True (CPV1+2)

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29
Q

Parvovirus in dogs 8 weeks of age cause high mortality.

A

True

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30
Q

The canine parvovirus antigen is structurally uniform.

A

False?

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31
Q

Canine parvovirus spreads rapidly, causing enteritis and fetal damage in all age groups.

A

False (Severe symptoms in young puppies between 3-8 weeks (litters from unvaccinated bitches) → Sudden death, myocardial damage, high mortality. In older pups (>8 weeks) & adults → Enteritis))

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32
Q

Canine parvovirus affects mainly young animals with bloody enteritis.

A

True (Acute gastroenteritis – Vomiting, severe bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, dehydration, weight loss)

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33
Q

Canine parvovirus can cause heart muscle degeneration and fetal damage.

A

True (In utero infection, infection of pups <8 weeks or in pups born to unvaccinated bitches can result in myocardial infection, necrosis & myocarditis )

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34
Q

Clinical signs in canine parvoviral enteritis are mostly very mild and remain unnoticed.

A

False (High mortality, severe bloody diarrhea etc. )

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35
Q

In susceptible young dogs, parvovirus infection (CPV-2) cause high mortality.

A

True (CPV-1 is non-pathogenic)

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36
Q

Older dogs are usually seropositive to CPV-2.

A

True (Either due to previous infection or vaccination )

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37
Q

Subtypes of canine parvovirus (CPV-2) can cause panleukopenia in cats

A

True (Accounts for ~10% of all panleukopaenia cases)

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38
Q

Maternal antibodies usually protects for 2-3 weeks against canine parvovirus disease.

A

False (Up to 3-4 months (8-16 weeks))

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39
Q

Older dogs are usually seropositive for canine parvovirus

A

True (Either due to previous infection or vaccination )

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40
Q

Canine parvoviral disease is similar to that causes by pantropic coronavirus.

A

True (CCoV-1 → Vomiting & watery diarrhea in young dogs. CCoV-2 → Haemorrhagic enteritis, vomiting & ataxia in dogs aged 1.5-2 months (similar age group))

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41
Q

Canine parvoviruses form a single antigenic group.

A

False (CPV-1 → ∅ pathogenic

CPV-2 → CPV-2a & -2b subtypes)

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42
Q

Canine parvoviruses do not infect cats.

A

False (Certain CPV-2 subtypes can infect cats → 10% of all panleukopaenia cases)

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43
Q

Canine parvoviruses can replicate in the myocardium of young pups.

A

True (Targets rapidly dividing cells → SI crypt epithelium, lymphopoetic tissue & myocardial tissue in young pups)

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44
Q

Canine parvovirus attacks lymphoid cells.

A

True (Bone marrow, spleen, thymus & lymph nodes)

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45
Q

Canine parvovirus infection of susceptible dogs results high mortality.

A

True (High mortality (death within 2-3 days) in young pups between 3-8 weeks)

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46
Q

Canine parvovirus is shed with the faeces.

A

True (High titres shed with the faeces → Contaminates environment)

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47
Q

Leukopaenia is characteristic for successful CPV-2 infections.

A

True (Replication in lymphopoetic tissue → Leukopaenia, neutropaenia)

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48
Q

Maternal immunity against feline panleucopenia usually lasts for more than six months.

A

False (6 weeks)

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49
Q

Cat panleukopenia causes myocarditis in young animals

A

True

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50
Q

In Hungary, panleukopenia does not occur.

A

False (Occurs worldwide)

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51
Q

A feline panleukopenia virus mainly in the faeces.

A

True

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52
Q

A feline panleukopenia general infection, fever symptoms.

A

True

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53
Q

Feline panleukopenia occurs worldwide.

A

True

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54
Q

Feline panleukopenia can also be caused by a canine parvovirus.

A

True

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55
Q

Feline panleukopenia virus infection in dogs can cause acute diarrhoea.

A

False (Can infect dogs, but no diarrhea)

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56
Q

Hyperimmune serum can be used for the treatment of feline panleukopaenia.

A

True

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57
Q

Vaccinations against feline panleukopenia usually start at or after 2 months of age.

A

True (1st vaccination at 2 months of age (live, attenuated vaccine)
Maternal immunity protects kittens up to 6weeks so cannot vaccinate before this)

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58
Q

Aleutian mink disease is characterised by type III hypersensitivity

A

True

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59
Q

Aleutian mink disease virus is responsible for 10% of feline panleucopenia cases.

A

False (CPV2)

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60
Q

The mink Aleutian disease in mink and-enteritis is caused by the same virus.

A

False (Aleutian disease –amdoparvovirus

Mink enteritis - protoparvovirus)

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61
Q

The mink Aleutian disease does not occur in our country. (Hungary)

A

False (Worldwide)

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62
Q

VN test can be used to detect the Aleutian disease.

A

False (No virus neutralizing antibodies → Immunkomplexes → Type III hypersensitivity)

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63
Q

The agent of Aleutian Disease causes enteritis in older minks.

A

False (Older minks (mainly of the Aleutian genotype) → Hypergammaglobulinaemia, glomerulonephritis)

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64
Q

Vaccination against Aleutian Disease is achieved with inactivated vaccines.

A

False
(Can vaccinate against parvoviral enteritis of mink but not against Aleutian mink disease (prevention is by general epidemiological measures & eradication using test & slaughter programmes))

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65
Q

It is possible to vaccinate against Aleutian mink disease.

A

False (∅ Tx, ∅ vaccine (can vaccinate against parvoviral enteritis in mink – annual vaccination is recommended))

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66
Q

Mink parvoviral enteritis is characterised by fever and high mortality.

A

True

Non-specific signs (incl. fever) & acute gastroenteritis, with up to 80% mortality in young, susceptible animals

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67
Q

Live vaccinea are used against Aleutian mink disease.

A

False (No vaccines)

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68
Q

Ferrets can also be infected by the aleutian mink disease.

A

True (And other Mustelidae (e.g. weasels))

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69
Q

Aleutian mink disease is usually acute.

A

False (Chronic appearance, slowly developing with an incubation time of 4-6 weeks)

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70
Q

Aleutian mink disease can result in interstitial pneumonia in young animals.

A

True (Young mink (kits) may die from acute interstitial pneumonia)

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71
Q

Aleutian mink disease is characterized by a type-I hypersensitivity.

A

False (Type-III (immune-complex formation)

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72
Q

Clinical symptoms of the disease Derzsy typically occurs within 3 weeks of age

A

True (<5weeks)

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73
Q

The Derzy disease pathogen only infects geese.

A

False (Geese and muscovy ducks)

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74
Q

The Derzsy s disease infects Elderly and young geese.

A

False (<5w but older birds can become symptomless carriers)

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75
Q

The Derzsy disease virus passes into the egg.

A

True

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76
Q

Derzsy´s disease (goose parvovirus) spreads horizontally and via eggs.

A

True (horizontally and vertically)

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77
Q

In Derzsy´s disease, primary replication occurs in the gut

A

True (PO infection → SI epithelium)

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78
Q

Derszy´s disease can cause disease in both old and youngs

A

False (Only causes clinical disease in birds <5 weeks of age with up to 100% mortality in birds <7-10 days (progressive resistance develops and losses are negligible by 4-5 weeks of age)

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79
Q

Symptoms of Derszy´s and hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome are similar in geese

A

True?

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80
Q

No vaccination needed as clinical signs are mild (Derzy’s)

A

False (Obligatory vaccination of breeding flocks in most countries. Hyperimmune serum on 1st day of life)

81
Q

Spreading via eggs do not occur

A

False (Germinative infection → Death within egg or hatching of infected chick )

82
Q

Derszy´s is rare & causing clinical signs in all age groups.

A

False (Widespread worldwide

∅ clinical signs in birds >5 weeks)

83
Q

Clinical signs are seen only in young geese up to 4-6 weeks of age (Derzsy’s).

A

True (Up to 5 weeks of age)

84
Q

For the prevention of Derszy´s, general preventative rules are used.

A

True (Avoid incubating & hatching eggs from different flocks together, ∅ use survivors for breeding)

85
Q

Vaccination is also necessary (Derzy’s)

A

True (Vaccination of breeding geese is obligatory in most countries. Attenuated, inactivated, recombinant)

86
Q

Infected geese flocks should be ruled out of further breeding (Derzy’s)

A

True (Ideally survivors should not be used for breeding → May be latent carriers & persistent shedders of virus)

87
Q

Derzsys disease virus can cross into the egg

A

True (Germinative infection → Death within egg or hatching of infected goslings )

88
Q

Derzsys disease may occur both in geese and Muscovy ducks

89
Q

Derzsys disease virus causes enteritis in growing geese

A

True (Profuse, white colored diarrhea)

90
Q

Typical clinical signs of Derzsy’s disease are seen as a result of infection below 5 weeks of age.

A

True
(Disease is strictly age-dependent:
● Up to 100% mortality in birds <7-10 days
● Progressive resistance develops → Losses are negligible by 4-5 weeks of age)

91
Q

Infection over 5 weeks of age results in severe clinical signs of the Derzsy’a disease

92
Q

Typical clinical signs of the Derzsy disease are results of infection below 5 weeks of age

93
Q

Papilloma infections of the skin usually have a cauliflower appearance

A

True (Virus results in cellular proliferation in the stratum germinativum → Cauliflower-like lesions)

94
Q

Goose haemorrhagic enteritis and nephritis is frequent in ducks.

A

False (susceptible but symptomless and not frequent)

95
Q

Goose haemorrhagic enteritis and nephritis doesnt occur in hungary.

96
Q

The goose haemorrhagic kidney and intestine inflammation occurs worldwide. but not en masse

97
Q

HNEG (hemorrhagic nephritis & enteritis of geese) is common in France

A

True
((Hungary (spread with Derzsy’s disease hyperimmune serum) → Germany, Southern France & other countries (recognized in almost all goose breeding areas))

98
Q

Started in Hungary & spread with Derzsy’s disease hyperimmune serum (HNEG)

99
Q

High mortality between 2-10 weeks (HNEG)

A

True
((High mortality in birds aged 2-10 weeks (death is most common outcome) → Sudden death of high numbers of birds, often with no preliminary symptoms (occasional neurological signs, e.g. tremors of head & neck, & coma))

100
Q

Muscovy ducks are also susceptible but remain symptomless for years with high titers (HNEG)

A

True (Remain asymptomatic with high virus titres)

101
Q

Haemorrhagic enteritis & nephritis of geese virus replicates in the blood vessel endothelium.

102
Q

Haemorrhagic enteritis and nephritis of geese is only prevalent in France.

A

False (Recognized in almost all goose breeding countries)

103
Q

Haemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese is caused by a herpesvirus.

A

False (Caused by Goose Haemorrhagic Polyomavirus (GHPV))

104
Q

Haemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis is present worldwide.

105
Q

Haemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese may spread both horizontally and vertically.

106
Q

Goose haemorrhagic enteritis and nephritis causes death of goslings

A

True
(High mortality in birds aged 2-10 weeks → Sudden death of high numbers of birds, often with no preliminary symptoms (occasionally neurological symptoms & lethargy may be seen a few hours before death)

107
Q

Herpesvirus infections frequently result in latent virus carriage

A

True
((Latent infections (carrier status) is an important, characteristic feature of Herpesviruses (reactivation after immunosuppression))

108
Q

Herpesviruses are typically stenoxenic viruses, but there are significant exceptions.

A

True
(Usually stenoxen, except Aujeszky’s, Malignant Catarrhal Fever, Turkey Herpes & Monkey Herpes B (which is zoonotic))

109
Q

Herpesviruses are strong antigens: therefore single vaccinations provide life long protection.

110
Q

IBR spreads slowly within a herd

111
Q

The IBR causes animals older than 6 months upper respiratory symptoms

112
Q

The IBR may cause diarrhea.

113
Q

The IBR older than 6 months young calves fever.

114
Q

The IBR is caused by BHV-2

A

False (BHV-1 and 5)

115
Q

The IBR does not occur in Europe.

116
Q

Is there IBR in Hungary?

117
Q

The IBR virus courses and arthritis in calves usually in the age between one and six months

118
Q

IBR is rapidly spread within the herd

A

False (Relatively slow spread throughout a cattle population)

119
Q

IBR is no longer present in Hungary

A

False (Eradicated from Austria, Scandinavia, Finland, Germany and Switzerland)

120
Q

The respiratory form of IBR is often followed by genital symptoms.

A

False (Respiratory & genital forms rarely occur together)

121
Q

We can see characteristic clinical signs of IBR in day old calves.

A

False (Colostral protection until 6-8 weeks)

122
Q

IBR mainly cause encephalitis in cattle older than 6 months.

A

False (Encephalitis is seen in calves <5 months)

123
Q

IBR mainly causes pneumonia in 1-6 months old calves

A

True (Interstitial pneumonia)

124
Q

IBR is rare, BHV-1 only affects cattle

A

False (Widespread, also affects wild ruminants)

125
Q

IBR is a frequent infection, cattle and its closest relatives are affected

126
Q

IBR can occur in several clinical forms

A

True (Genital infections, Conjunctivitis, Abortion, Encephalomyelitis, Mastitis)

127
Q

Infectious bovine vulvovagintis virus strains cause abortions and foetal deformities.

128
Q

Genital form of IBR is often followed by abortion

A

False (Abortion usually occurs in respiratory form of disease)

129
Q

In the transmission IBRV, the most important route is the germinative route.

A

False (∅ germinative infection in mammals. Mainly aerogenous infection)

130
Q

IBRV has a wide range of serotypes including many variant strains

131
Q

The IBR virus causes nephritis in calves, usually up to 1-6 months.

A

False (∅ kidney lesions)

132
Q

Seropositive cattle cannot be carriers of the infectious rhinotracheitis virus.

A

False (Seropositivity is used to detect carrier animals)

133
Q

Infectious bovine vulvovaginitis virus strains cause abortions and foetal deformities.

A

False (Abortion & genital infections (IBV/IBP) are two separate conditions)

134
Q

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus may spread via semen.

A

True (Bulls may shed BoHV-1 via the semen for many months, without clinical symptoms)

135
Q

IBR cause serous nasal discharge

A

True (Serous nasal & ocular discharge, changing to (muco)purulent))

136
Q

IBR in 6-month-old calves usually causes pneumonia

137
Q

IBR often cause genital lesions with vesicles

A

True (IPV/IPB (also caused by BoHV-1) → Small papules on mucosa))

138
Q

IBR may cause inflammation of conjunctiva.

A

True (Conjunctivitis, blepharitis & ocular discharge)

139
Q

IBR cause purulent discharge.

A

True (Serous nasal & ocular discharge, gradually become (muco)purulent)

140
Q

Antibodies against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) might be detected in the milk

141
Q

In Hungary the gE-negative marker vaccine is to be used in the control of IBR

A

True (DIVA strategy)

142
Q

Eradication of IBR is mostly performed by selection method.

A

True
(Test & removal strategy
<10% seropositivity – Cull all seropositive animals
<10% seropositivity – Selection of stock with the help of marker vaccines)

143
Q

Eradication of IBR done by selection and vaccination

A

True (Selection with the help of marker vaccines (in herds with >10% seropositivity))

144
Q

We are doing IBR eradication programs in Hungary

145
Q

Pregnant cows should be immunised with inactivated vaccine against IBRV

A

True (Inactivated vaccines should be used in breeding animals as live viruses may colonise the genital tract & cause abortion)

146
Q

Hungary will most likely be free from IBR soon due to eradication programs.

147
Q

The most frequently used erradication stratergy for IBRV is selection with the help of marker vaccine

148
Q

Against IBR calves are vaccinated twice from 3 months of age.

149
Q

Mainly heifers show clinical signs (Bovine Herpesmamillitis)

A

True (In endemic herds, mainly heifers show symptoms (esp. after parturition) → Teat oedema, suffusion, pustules))

150
Q

Bovine herpes mamillitis virus causes milkers nodules in humans

A

False
(BoHV-2 causes two diseases in cattle → Bovine Herpes Mamillitis & Pseudo-lumpy skin disease (only affects cattle, buffalo & other ruminants)
Milker’s nodules in humans are caused by a parapoxvirus))

151
Q

We vaccinate calves 2 times against MCF (Malignant Catarrhal Fever)

A

False (∅ vaccine (& ∅ treatment/cure)

152
Q

Swine can be affected by MCF

A

True
(But this is rare (mainly affects domestic cattle but also can be seen in water buffalo, bison, red deer, roe deer, other ruminants & occasionally in swine))

153
Q

MCF does not occur in Europe

A

False (Found worldwide)

154
Q

MCF can cause diarrhoea

A

True (Haemorrhagic enteritis (with fibrinous membranes & necrosis))

155
Q

MCF spreads slowly within a cattle herd

A

False
(Does not spread between cattle (not contagious between cattle) → Cattle are unable to transmit the virus to their cohorts (MCF is only transmitted between carriers & clinically susceptible animals))

156
Q

MCF occurs if we keep cattle and sheep together

A

True
(Ovine Herpesvirus-2 → Sheep populations maintain the disease → Sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (direct infection of cattle from sheep after long-term/few months contact))

157
Q

MCF does not occur in Hungary

158
Q

Malignant catarrhal fever may also develop in swine

A

True (but rarely)

159
Q

Malignant catarrhal fever is caused by Bovine herpesvirus 2

A

False
(Ovine herpesvirus-2 (OHV-2) & Alcephaline herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1)
(Bovine herpesvirus-2 causes bovine herpes mammillitis & pseudo-lumpy skin disease))

160
Q

Malignant catarrhal fever is frequently seen in cats

161
Q

Aujeszky´s disease can occur in pigs and cats.

A

True (Euryxen → Wide host range)

162
Q

Aujeszky´s disease in pigs causes viraemia

A

True (only sus)

163
Q

Aujeszky´s disease in cats spreads along the nerves

A

True (Direct access to brain → Acute encephalitis)

164
Q

Aujeszky´s disease can cause respiratory signs in adult pigs

A

True

Frequently subclinical in adults, but may cause constipation, respiratory symptosm & reproductive problems

165
Q

Aujeszky´s disease causes fever in day old piglets

A

True
(Infected newborns suffer a severe, generalized, febrile illness with a rapid* course of disease & up to 100% mortality)

166
Q

Aujeszky`s disease causes pneumonia in susceptible piglets

A

False (Causes pulmonary oedema & respiratory symptoms but ∅ pneumonia)

167
Q

Aujeszky`s disease doesn’t cause clinical signs in susceptible piglets

A

False
(Severe, generalized, febrile illness, Anorexia, vomiting,
Symptoms of meningo-encephalitis
Up to 100% mortality)

168
Q

Aujeszky`s disease causes pruritus in susceptible piglets

A

False (∅ pruritis in pigs or cats (pruritius is seen in cattle & carnivores))

169
Q

20-30% mortality in susceptible piglets

A

False ( Up to 100% mortality in piglets)

170
Q

Aujeszky’s disease only infects pigs

A

False
(Pigs are the only natural host of disease, but the virus (SuHV-1) can also infect other domestic & wild mammals (cattle, sheep, goats, carnivores))

171
Q

Older pigs are more frequently affected by Aujeszky´s

A

False (Symptoms and mortality are age-dependent)

172
Q

In swine, the most serious clinical signs of Aujeszky’s disease are usually seen in piglets

A

True (Symptoms and mortality are age-dependent; the disease is frequently subclinical in adults)

173
Q

Rats are reservoir hosts of the Aujeszky’s disease virus

A

False?
(Pigs are only natural host, but rodents may play a role in transmission (but there is no significant shedding in non-swine hosts))

174
Q

Carnivores are the reservoir host of Aujeazky’s disease virus

A

False
(Little shedding in non-swine hosts & these animals often die of disease
Swine are only natural hosts of disease but rodents may play some role in transmission)

175
Q

CNS signs rarely seen in adult swine with Aujeszky’s disease

A

True (Adults – Mild respiratory symptoms, reproductive symptoms, constipation)

176
Q

Convalescent swine are life long carriers and potential shedders of Aujezkys virus

177
Q

Large-scale eradication programs are currently in progress against Aujezsky´s disease in Hungary

178
Q

Dogs should be vaccinated against Aujeszky’s disease virus

A

False
(Immunization is only used in pigs (mass vaccination of pigs with gE marker vaccines, typically modified live viruses)
In Ru & Ca, vaccines are unreliable → Live, attenuated vaccines (LAV) can cause clinical disease but inactivated vaccines do not provide sufficient protection)

179
Q

Swine are immunized against Aujezskys virus usually with gE negative marker vaccines

180
Q

vaccination against Aujeszky widely used

181
Q

Boars should be vaccinated against inclusion body rhinitis every 6 month

182
Q

EHV-4 causes mainly respiratory symptoms in horses

A

True
(A causative agent of equine rhinopneumonitis
EHV-1 causes respiratory disease, abortion & CNS signs)

183
Q

EHV-4 mainly proliferate on the respiratory mucosa.

184
Q

Equid herpesvirus 1 may cause abortion storms in studs

185
Q

EHV-4 primarily causes abortion in horses

A

False?

EHV-4 causes respiratory symptoms but can also sporadically cause abortion

186
Q

EHV-1 contains cross-reactive proteins against disease caused by EHV-4

A

True

74% DNA homology between EHV-1 & -4 → Cross reaction between viruses with VN

187
Q

EHV-1 primarily causes respiratory symptoms in horses.

A

True

EHV-1 causes respiratory disease, but also abortion & CNS symptoms

188
Q

Vacc containing EHV-1 also provides protection against EHV-4

A

False
(there is shared DNA & cross reactions with VN, but ∅ cross-protection → Vaccines are usually only efficient against the respiratory form)

189
Q

One vaccination is enough to prevent EHV-1 infection

A

False
(Vaccines with weak antigens:
Basic immunization of foals from 3 months of age (2x) & repeat after 4 months)

190
Q

EHV-1 primarily causes abortion

A

True (EHV-1 → Abortion, respiratory signs (equine rhinopneumonitis) & CNS signs)

191
Q

After EHV-1 infection, pregnant mares abort in the acute febrile stage

A

False (Abortion is sudden, often with no preceding clinical signs)

192
Q

Horses should be vaccinated against equine herpesvirus-1 every six months

A

False (every four month)

193
Q

EHV-2 in horses does not cause symptoms in adult animals

A

True?

the virus is ubiquitous in the resp mucosa, conjunctiva & WBCs of young horses

194
Q

Does EHV3 cause abortion storms?

195
Q

Abortions a frequent complication of coital exanthema in mares

196
Q

Equine herpesvirus 5 may play a role in equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis syndrom

A

True
(EHV-5 is assoacited with EMPF, although the exact role of the virus is unknown (whether precipitating, causative, incidental etc.))

197
Q

It is enough to vaccinate mares 2 times against EHV-2

A

False (∅ vaccine against EHV-2 (pathogenic significance is unclear))

198
Q

In horses infected with EHV-2, the symptoms are often unnoticed.

A

True (Pathogenic role is unknown & the virus is frequently isolated from healthy horses)

199
Q

Equine coital exanthema can cause abortion storms in studs

A

False
(EHV-4 results in abortion
Equine coital exanthema (caused by EHV-3) is a benign venereal disease → Causes local lesions on genital mucosa)

EPI (15 decks)

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