Short virus topics T/F Flashcards
1
Q
Porcine parvovirus 1 is transmitted
through the faecal-oral route.
A
True (+ boar semen)
2
Q
Parvovirus vaccine usually induce
protection up to 6 months.
A
False (1 year)
3
Q
Porcine parvovirus multiplies in
lymphoid tissue of the throat.
A
True
4
Q
The Hoko pig virus does not occur in
Hungary.
A
False (occurs in Hong Kong, Great Britain, Transylvania, Hungary)
5
Q
Colostral immunity against swine
parvovirus lasts for months.
A
True (6 months: vaccinate piglets
after 6 months of age)
6
Q
Porcine Parvovirus infection causes reproduction problems in swine herds.
A
True (SMEDI – Return to oestrus, abortion, reduced litter size)
7
Q
Swine parvovirus is rare, mainly in backyardherds.
A
False (Worldwide, Endemic in most herds)
8
Q
Swine parvovirus is frequent, causing clinical disease in all age groups
A
False (Mainly results in reproductive disorders in 1st parity pigs)
9
Q
Swine parvovirus is frequent, causing foetal damage only.
A
False (no foetal damage)
10
Q
Swine parvovirus cause foetal damage and resp signs in first pregnant gilts.
A
False (Can cause respiratpry disease in adults but this is rare)
11
Q
Swine herds infected with parvovirus should be excluded from further breeding.
A
False (Recovery → Lifelong immunity (allow natural seroconversion of gilts)
12
Q
They should be sent for slaughter (pork with parvo).
A
False
13
Q
Postpone first mating and vaccinate them (pork with parvo).
A
False? No need to postpone breeding → Vaccinate with inactivated (live), vaccines at 6 months of age
14
Q
No vaccination is needed as clinical signs are mild.
A
False (Infection results in great economic losses → Reduced litter size etc. )
15
Q
Spreads both horizontally and germinatively.
A
False (Transplacental infection of piglets → SMEDI)
16
Q
Prevention of PPV – General preventative rules and vaccination are used.
A
True (Hygiene (virus shed in faeces & saliva)
Vaccination (after 6 months of age)
17
Q
Neurological disorders are frequent in porcine parvovirus infections.
A
False (PPV-1 infection results in reproductive problems in 1st parity females)
18
Q
The primary site of porcine parvovirus (PPV-1) replication is in the small intestines.
A
True
19
Q
Porcine parvovirus (PPV-1) infection of seronegative pregnant animals can damage the foetus.
A
True (1st paritly pigs → Virus is able to cross placenta & cause foetal infection )
20
Q
Porcine parvoviruses are genetically uniform.
A
False (PPV2)
21
Q
PPV-1 induces diarrhea in suckling piglets.
A
False (Can cause systemic disease in neonates)
22
Q
Porcine SMEDI can only be induced by parvoviruses.
A
False (A number of other infectious agents result in SMEDI= stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, infertility)
23
Q
Porcine HoKoviruses are only present in China.
A
False
24
Q
Porcine parvovirus (PPV-1) vaccinations start at or after 6 months of age.
A
True (1st vaccination >6 months of age, 1-2x prior to breeding & repeat annually )
25
Piglets of sows seroconverted by PPV-1 are maternally protected for 6 months.
True (Hence why we don’t begin vaccination programmes until 6 months of age)
26
PPV-1 is endemic in most pig herds.
True (may disappear spontaneously in herds with <100 sows)
27
New variants of PPV1 may breakthrough the immune protection.
True
28
Canine parvovirus two known serotypes
True (CPV1+2)
29
Parvovirus in dogs 8 weeks of age cause high mortality.
True
30
The canine parvovirus antigen is structurally uniform.
False?
31
Canine parvovirus spreads rapidly, causing enteritis and fetal damage in all age groups.
False (Severe symptoms in young puppies between 3-8 weeks (litters from unvaccinated bitches) → Sudden death, myocardial damage, high mortality. In older pups (>8 weeks) & adults → Enteritis))
32
Canine parvovirus affects mainly young animals with bloody enteritis.
True (Acute gastroenteritis – Vomiting, severe bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, dehydration, weight loss)
33
Canine parvovirus can cause heart muscle degeneration and fetal damage.
True (In utero infection, infection of pups <8 weeks or in pups born to unvaccinated bitches can result in myocardial infection, necrosis & myocarditis )
34
Clinical signs in canine parvoviral enteritis are mostly very mild and remain unnoticed.
False (High mortality, severe bloody diarrhea etc. )
35
In susceptible young dogs, parvovirus infection (CPV-2) cause high mortality.
True (CPV-1 is non-pathogenic)
36
Older dogs are usually seropositive to CPV-2.
True (Either due to previous infection or vaccination )
37
Subtypes of canine parvovirus (CPV-2) can cause panleukopenia in cats
True (Accounts for ~10% of all panleukopaenia cases)
38
Maternal antibodies usually protects for 2-3 weeks against canine parvovirus disease.
False (Up to 3-4 months (8-16 weeks))
39
Older dogs are usually seropositive for canine parvovirus
True (Either due to previous infection or vaccination )
40
Canine parvoviral disease is similar to that causes by pantropic coronavirus.
True (CCoV-1 → Vomiting & watery diarrhea in young dogs. CCoV-2 → Haemorrhagic enteritis, vomiting & ataxia in dogs aged 1.5-2 months (similar age group))
41
Canine parvoviruses form a single antigenic group.
False (CPV-1 → ∅ pathogenic
| CPV-2 → CPV-2a & -2b subtypes)
42
Canine parvoviruses do not infect cats.
False (Certain CPV-2 subtypes can infect cats → 10% of all panleukopaenia cases)
43
Canine parvoviruses can replicate in the myocardium of young pups.
True (Targets rapidly dividing cells → SI crypt epithelium, lymphopoetic tissue & myocardial tissue in young pups)
44
Canine parvovirus attacks lymphoid cells.
True (Bone marrow, spleen, thymus & lymph nodes)
45
Canine parvovirus infection of susceptible dogs results high mortality.
True (High mortality (death within 2-3 days) in young pups between 3-8 weeks)
46
Canine parvovirus is shed with the faeces.
True (High titres shed with the faeces → Contaminates environment)
47
Leukopaenia is characteristic for successful CPV-2 infections.
True (Replication in lymphopoetic tissue → Leukopaenia, neutropaenia)
48
Maternal immunity against feline panleucopenia usually lasts for more than six months.
False (6 weeks)
49
Cat panleukopenia causes myocarditis in young animals
True
50
In Hungary, panleukopenia does not occur.
False (Occurs worldwide)
51
A feline panleukopenia virus mainly in the faeces.
True
52
A feline panleukopenia general infection, fever symptoms.
True
53
Feline panleukopenia occurs worldwide.
True
54
Feline panleukopenia can also be caused by a canine parvovirus.
True
55
Feline panleukopenia virus infection in dogs can cause acute diarrhoea.
False (Can infect dogs, but no diarrhea)
56
Hyperimmune serum can be used for the treatment of feline panleukopaenia.
True
57
Vaccinations against feline panleukopenia usually start at or after 2 months of age.
True (1st vaccination at 2 months of age (live, attenuated vaccine)
Maternal immunity protects kittens up to 6weeks so cannot vaccinate before this)
58
Aleutian mink disease is characterised by type III hypersensitivity
True
59
Aleutian mink disease virus is responsible for 10% of feline panleucopenia cases.
False (CPV2)
60
The mink Aleutian disease in mink and-enteritis is caused by the same virus.
False (Aleutian disease –amdoparvovirus
| Mink enteritis - protoparvovirus)
61
The mink Aleutian disease does not occur in our country. (Hungary)
False (Worldwide)
62
VN test can be used to detect the Aleutian disease.
False (No virus neutralizing antibodies → Immunkomplexes → Type III hypersensitivity)
63
The agent of Aleutian Disease causes enteritis in older minks.
False (Older minks (mainly of the Aleutian genotype) → Hypergammaglobulinaemia, glomerulonephritis)
64
Vaccination against Aleutian Disease is achieved with inactivated vaccines.
False
(Can vaccinate against parvoviral enteritis of mink but not against Aleutian mink disease (prevention is by general epidemiological measures & eradication using test & slaughter programmes))
65
It is possible to vaccinate against Aleutian mink disease.
False (∅ Tx, ∅ vaccine (can vaccinate against parvoviral enteritis in mink – annual vaccination is recommended))
66
Mink parvoviral enteritis is characterised by fever and high mortality.
True
| Non-specific signs (incl. fever) & acute gastroenteritis, with up to 80% mortality in young, susceptible animals
67
Live vaccinea are used against Aleutian mink disease.
False (No vaccines)
68
Ferrets can also be infected by the aleutian mink disease.
True (And other Mustelidae (e.g. weasels))
69
Aleutian mink disease is usually acute.
False (Chronic appearance, slowly developing with an incubation time of 4-6 weeks)
70
Aleutian mink disease can result in interstitial pneumonia in young animals.
True (Young mink (kits) may die from acute interstitial pneumonia)
71
Aleutian mink disease is characterized by a type-I hypersensitivity.
False (Type-III (immune-complex formation)
72
Clinical symptoms of the disease Derzsy typically occurs within 3 weeks of age
True (<5weeks)
73
The Derzy disease pathogen only infects geese.
False (Geese and muscovy ducks)
74
The Derzsy s disease infects Elderly and young geese.
False (<5w but older birds can become symptomless carriers)
75
The Derzsy disease virus passes into the egg.
True
76
Derzsy´s disease (goose parvovirus) spreads horizontally and via eggs.
True (horizontally and vertically)
77
In Derzsy´s disease, primary replication occurs in the gut
True (PO infection → SI epithelium)
78
Derszy´s disease can cause disease in both old and youngs
False (Only causes clinical disease in birds <5 weeks of age with up to 100% mortality in birds <7-10 days (progressive resistance develops and losses are negligible by 4-5 weeks of age)
79
Symptoms of Derszy´s and hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome are similar in geese
True?
80
No vaccination needed as clinical signs are mild (Derzy's)
False (Obligatory vaccination of breeding flocks in most countries. Hyperimmune serum on 1st day of life)
81
Spreading via eggs do not occur
False (Germinative infection → Death within egg or hatching of infected chick )
82
Derszy´s is rare & causing clinical signs in all age groups.
False (Widespread worldwide
| ∅ clinical signs in birds >5 weeks)
83
Clinical signs are seen only in young geese up to 4-6 weeks of age (Derzsy's).
True (Up to 5 weeks of age)
84
For the prevention of Derszy´s, general preventative rules are used.
True (Avoid incubating & hatching eggs from different flocks together, ∅ use survivors for breeding)
85
Vaccination is also necessary (Derzy's)
True (Vaccination of breeding geese is obligatory in most countries. Attenuated, inactivated, recombinant)
86
Infected geese flocks should be ruled out of further breeding (Derzy's)
True (Ideally survivors should not be used for breeding → May be latent carriers & persistent shedders of virus)
87
Derzsys disease virus can cross into the egg
True (Germinative infection → Death within egg or hatching of infected goslings )
88
Derzsys disease may occur both in geese and Muscovy ducks
True
89
Derzsys disease virus causes enteritis in growing geese
True (Profuse, white colored diarrhea)
90
Typical clinical signs of Derzsy’s disease are seen as a result of infection below 5 weeks of age.
True
(Disease is strictly age-dependent:
● Up to 100% mortality in birds <7-10 days
● Progressive resistance develops → Losses are negligible by 4-5 weeks of age)
91
Infection over 5 weeks of age results in severe clinical signs of the Derzsy’a disease
False
92
Typical clinical signs of the Derzsy disease are results of infection below 5 weeks of age
True
93
Papilloma infections of the skin usually have a cauliflower appearance
True (Virus results in cellular proliferation in the stratum germinativum → Cauliflower-like lesions)
94
Goose haemorrhagic enteritis and nephritis is frequent in ducks.
False (susceptible but symptomless and not frequent)
95
Goose haemorrhagic enteritis and nephritis doesnt occur in hungary.
False
96
The goose haemorrhagic kidney and intestine inflammation occurs worldwide. but not en masse
True
97
HNEG (hemorrhagic nephritis & enteritis of geese) is common in France
True
((Hungary (spread with Derzsy’s disease hyperimmune serum) → Germany, Southern France & other countries (recognized in almost all goose breeding areas))
98
Started in Hungary & spread with Derzsy’s disease hyperimmune serum (HNEG)
True
99
High mortality between 2-10 weeks (HNEG)
True
((High mortality in birds aged 2-10 weeks (death is most common outcome) → Sudden death of high numbers of birds, often with no preliminary symptoms (occasional neurological signs, e.g. tremors of head & neck, & coma))
100
Muscovy ducks are also susceptible but remain symptomless for years with high titers (HNEG)
True (Remain asymptomatic with high virus titres)
101
Haemorrhagic enteritis & nephritis of geese virus replicates in the blood vessel endothelium.
True
102
Haemorrhagic enteritis and nephritis of geese is only prevalent in France.
False (Recognized in almost all goose breeding countries)
103
Haemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese is caused by a herpesvirus.
False (Caused by Goose Haemorrhagic Polyomavirus (GHPV))
104
Haemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis is present worldwide.
True
105
Haemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese may spread both horizontally and vertically.
True
106
Goose haemorrhagic enteritis and nephritis causes death of goslings
True
(High mortality in birds aged 2-10 weeks → Sudden death of high numbers of birds, often with no preliminary symptoms (occasionally neurological symptoms & lethargy may be seen a few hours before death)
107
Herpesvirus infections frequently result in latent virus carriage
True
((Latent infections (carrier status) is an important, characteristic feature of Herpesviruses (reactivation after immunosuppression))
108
Herpesviruses are typically stenoxenic viruses, but there are significant exceptions.
True
(Usually stenoxen, except Aujeszky’s, Malignant Catarrhal Fever, Turkey Herpes & Monkey Herpes B (which is zoonotic))
109
Herpesviruses are strong antigens: therefore single vaccinations provide life long protection.
False
110
IBR spreads slowly within a herd
True
111
The IBR causes animals older than 6 months upper respiratory symptoms
True
112
The IBR may cause diarrhea.
True
113
The IBR older than 6 months young calves fever.
False
114
The IBR is caused by BHV-2
False (BHV-1 and 5)
115
The IBR does not occur in Europe.
False
116
Is there IBR in Hungary?
True
117
The IBR virus courses and arthritis in calves usually in the age between one and six months
False
118
IBR is rapidly spread within the herd
False (Relatively slow spread throughout a cattle population)
119
IBR is no longer present in Hungary
False (Eradicated from Austria, Scandinavia, Finland, Germany and Switzerland)
120
The respiratory form of IBR is often followed by genital symptoms.
False (Respiratory & genital forms rarely occur together)
121
We can see characteristic clinical signs of IBR in day old calves.
False (Colostral protection until 6-8 weeks)
122
IBR mainly cause encephalitis in cattle older than 6 months.
False (Encephalitis is seen in calves <5 months)
123
IBR mainly causes pneumonia in 1-6 months old calves
True (Interstitial pneumonia)
124
IBR is rare, BHV-1 only affects cattle
False (Widespread, also affects wild ruminants)
125
IBR is a frequent infection, cattle and its closest relatives are affected
True
126
IBR can occur in several clinical forms
True (Genital infections, Conjunctivitis, Abortion, Encephalomyelitis, Mastitis)
127
Infectious bovine vulvovagintis virus strains cause abortions and foetal deformities.
False
128
Genital form of IBR is often followed by abortion
False (Abortion usually occurs in respiratory form of disease)
129
In the transmission IBRV, the most important route is the germinative route.
False (∅ germinative infection in mammals. Mainly aerogenous infection)
130
IBRV has a wide range of serotypes including many variant strains
False?
131
The IBR virus causes nephritis in calves, usually up to 1-6 months.
False (∅ kidney lesions)
132
Seropositive cattle cannot be carriers of the infectious rhinotracheitis virus.
False (Seropositivity is used to detect carrier animals)
133
Infectious bovine vulvovaginitis virus strains cause abortions and foetal deformities.
False (Abortion & genital infections (IBV/IBP) are two separate conditions)
134
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus may spread via semen.
True (Bulls may shed BoHV-1 via the semen for many months, without clinical symptoms)
135
IBR cause serous nasal discharge
True (Serous nasal & ocular discharge, changing to (muco)purulent))
136
IBR in 6-month-old calves usually causes pneumonia
True
137
IBR often cause genital lesions with vesicles
True (IPV/IPB (also caused by BoHV-1) → Small papules on mucosa))
138
IBR may cause inflammation of conjunctiva.
True (Conjunctivitis, blepharitis & ocular discharge)
139
IBR cause purulent discharge.
True (Serous nasal & ocular discharge, gradually become (muco)purulent)
140
Antibodies against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) might be detected in the milk
True
141
In Hungary the gE-negative marker vaccine is to be used in the control of IBR
True (DIVA strategy)
142
Eradication of IBR is mostly performed by selection method.
True
(Test & removal strategy
<10% seropositivity – Cull all seropositive animals
<10% seropositivity – Selection of stock with the help of marker vaccines)
143
Eradication of IBR done by selection and vaccination
True (Selection with the help of marker vaccines (in herds with >10% seropositivity))
144
We are doing IBR eradication programs in Hungary
True
145
Pregnant cows should be immunised with inactivated vaccine against IBRV
True (Inactivated vaccines should be used in breeding animals as live viruses may colonise the genital tract & cause abortion)
146
Hungary will most likely be free from IBR soon due to eradication programs.
True?
147
The most frequently used erradication stratergy for IBRV is selection with the help of marker vaccine
True
148
Against IBR calves are vaccinated twice from 3 months of age.
True
149
Mainly heifers show clinical signs (Bovine Herpesmamillitis)
True (In endemic herds, mainly heifers show symptoms (esp. after parturition) → Teat oedema, suffusion, pustules))
150
Bovine herpes mamillitis virus causes milkers nodules in humans
False
(BoHV-2 causes two diseases in cattle → Bovine Herpes Mamillitis & Pseudo-lumpy skin disease (only affects cattle, buffalo & other ruminants)
Milker’s nodules in humans are caused by a parapoxvirus))
151
We vaccinate calves 2 times against MCF (Malignant Catarrhal Fever)
False (∅ vaccine (& ∅ treatment/cure)
152
Swine can be affected by MCF
True
(But this is rare (mainly affects domestic cattle but also can be seen in water buffalo, bison, red deer, roe deer, other ruminants & occasionally in swine))
153
MCF does not occur in Europe
False (Found worldwide)
154
MCF can cause diarrhoea
True (Haemorrhagic enteritis (with fibrinous membranes & necrosis))
155
MCF spreads slowly within a cattle herd
False
(Does not spread between cattle (not contagious between cattle) → Cattle are unable to transmit the virus to their cohorts (MCF is only transmitted between carriers & clinically susceptible animals))
156
MCF occurs if we keep cattle and sheep together
True
(Ovine Herpesvirus-2 → Sheep populations maintain the disease → Sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (direct infection of cattle from sheep after long-term/few months contact))
157
MCF does not occur in Hungary
False
158
Malignant catarrhal fever may also develop in swine
True (but rarely)
159
Malignant catarrhal fever is caused by Bovine herpesvirus 2
False
(Ovine herpesvirus-2 (OHV-2) & Alcephaline herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1)
(Bovine herpesvirus-2 causes bovine herpes mammillitis & pseudo-lumpy skin disease))
160
Malignant catarrhal fever is frequently seen in cats
False
161
Aujeszky´s disease can occur in pigs and cats.
True (Euryxen → Wide host range)
162
Aujeszky´s disease in pigs causes viraemia
True (only sus)
163
Aujeszky´s disease in cats spreads along the nerves
True (Direct access to brain → Acute encephalitis)
164
Aujeszky´s disease can cause respiratory signs in adult pigs
True
| Frequently subclinical in adults, but may cause constipation, respiratory symptosm & reproductive problems
165
Aujeszky´s disease causes fever in day old piglets
True
(Infected newborns suffer a severe, generalized, febrile illness with a rapid* course of disease & up to 100% mortality)
166
Aujeszky`s disease causes pneumonia in susceptible piglets
False (Causes pulmonary oedema & respiratory symptoms but ∅ pneumonia)
167
Aujeszky`s disease doesn’t cause clinical signs in susceptible piglets
False
(Severe, generalized, febrile illness, Anorexia, vomiting,
Symptoms of meningo-encephalitis
Up to 100% mortality)
168
Aujeszky`s disease causes pruritus in susceptible piglets
False (∅ pruritis in pigs or cats (pruritius is seen in cattle & carnivores))
169
20-30% mortality in susceptible piglets
False ( Up to 100% mortality in piglets)
170
Aujeszky’s disease only infects pigs
False
(Pigs are the only natural host of disease, but the virus (SuHV-1) can also infect other domestic & wild mammals (cattle, sheep, goats, carnivores))
171
Older pigs are more frequently affected by Aujeszky´s
False (Symptoms and mortality are age-dependent)
172
In swine, the most serious clinical signs of Aujeszky’s disease are usually seen in piglets
True (Symptoms and mortality are age-dependent; the disease is frequently subclinical in adults)
173
Rats are reservoir hosts of the Aujeszky’s disease virus
False?
(Pigs are only natural host, but rodents may play a role in transmission (but there is no significant shedding in non-swine hosts))
174
Carnivores are the reservoir host of Aujeazky’s disease virus
False
(Little shedding in non-swine hosts & these animals often die of disease
Swine are only natural hosts of disease but rodents may play some role in transmission)
175
CNS signs rarely seen in adult swine with Aujeszky’s disease
True (Adults – Mild respiratory symptoms, reproductive symptoms, constipation)
176
Convalescent swine are life long carriers and potential shedders of Aujezkys virus
True
177
Large-scale eradication programs are currently in progress against Aujezsky´s disease in Hungary
True?
178
Dogs should be vaccinated against Aujeszky’s disease virus
False
(Immunization is only used in pigs (mass vaccination of pigs with gE marker vaccines, typically modified live viruses)
In Ru & Ca, vaccines are unreliable → Live, attenuated vaccines (LAV) can cause clinical disease but inactivated vaccines do not provide sufficient protection)
179
Swine are immunized against Aujezskys virus usually with gE negative marker vaccines
True
180
vaccination against Aujeszky widely used
False
181
Boars should be vaccinated against inclusion body rhinitis every 6 month
False
182
EHV-4 causes mainly respiratory symptoms in horses
True
(A causative agent of equine rhinopneumonitis
EHV-1 causes respiratory disease, abortion & CNS signs)
183
EHV-4 mainly proliferate on the respiratory mucosa.
True
184
Equid herpesvirus 1 may cause abortion storms in studs
True
185
EHV-4 primarily causes abortion in horses
False?
| EHV-4 causes respiratory symptoms but can also sporadically cause abortion
186
EHV-1 contains cross-reactive proteins against disease caused by EHV-4
True
| 74% DNA homology between EHV-1 & -4 → Cross reaction between viruses with VN
187
EHV-1 primarily causes respiratory symptoms in horses.
True
| EHV-1 causes respiratory disease, but also abortion & CNS symptoms
188
Vacc containing EHV-1 also provides protection against EHV-4
False
(there is shared DNA & cross reactions with VN, but ∅ cross-protection → Vaccines are usually only efficient against the respiratory form)
189
One vaccination is enough to prevent EHV-1 infection
False
(Vaccines with weak antigens:
Basic immunization of foals from 3 months of age (2x) & repeat after 4 months)
190
EHV-1 primarily causes abortion
True (EHV-1 → Abortion, respiratory signs (equine rhinopneumonitis) & CNS signs)
191
After EHV-1 infection, pregnant mares abort in the acute febrile stage
False (Abortion is sudden, often with no preceding clinical signs)
192
Horses should be vaccinated against equine herpesvirus-1 every six months
False (every four month)
193
EHV-2 in horses does not cause symptoms in adult animals
True?
| the virus is ubiquitous in the resp mucosa, conjunctiva & WBCs of young horses
194
Does EHV3 cause abortion storms?
False
195
Abortions a frequent complication of coital exanthema in mares
False
196
Equine herpesvirus 5 may play a role in equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis syndrom
True
(EHV-5 is assoacited with EMPF, although the exact role of the virus is unknown (whether precipitating, causative, incidental etc.))
197
It is enough to vaccinate mares 2 times against EHV-2
False (∅ vaccine against EHV-2 (pathogenic significance is unclear))
198
In horses infected with EHV-2, the symptoms are often unnoticed.
True (Pathogenic role is unknown & the virus is frequently isolated from healthy horses)
199
Equine coital exanthema can cause abortion storms in studs
False
(EHV-4 results in abortion
Equine coital exanthema (caused by EHV-3) is a benign venereal disease → Causes local lesions on genital mucosa)
