General short notes T/F

Question 1

Direct infection happens when infected animals pass the

infection with water

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Germinative infection is common in mammals

Answer 2

False- Non mammals only

Question 3

In case of secondary infection the agent complicates a

primary infection

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Vertical infection does not occur in mammals

Answer 4

False
Vertical infection → Transfer
from parent to offspring/one
generation to the next

Question 5

Horizontal infection does not occur in mammals

Answer 5

False- Horizontal infection → Transmission of an infectious agent between members of the
same spp.

Question 6

Germinative infection does not occur in mammals

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Galactogen infection does not occur in mammals

Answer 7

False
Pathogen is shed in milk →
Infects offspring

Question 8

Species specific resistance can be overcome by increasing the number of agents

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Susceptibility of hosts is influenced by age

Answer 9

True

Question 10

In case of secondary infection, a new pathogen infects an already cured animal.

Answer 10

False

Re-infection

Question 11

In case of secondary infection, two pathogens infect the host simultaneously

Answer 11

False 
Co-infection
Host is infected with one
pathogen → Locus minoris
resistentiae → Infection with
another pathogen

Question 12

In case of secondary infection, one of the agents is always a virus.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Germinative inf only occur in poultry.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

In germinative inf, the placenta is infected by the mother

during pregnancy.

Answer 14

False
Germinative infection →
Infection of gametes

Question 15

Germinative inf is a rare form of horizontal inf.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

In germinative infection, the newborn is infected through the milk.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

In case of secondary infection, a bacterium infects an

individual which is already infected with a pathogen

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Facultative pathogens cause disease in case predisposing factors are present

Answer 18

True

Question 19

virulence is a stable characteristic in bacteria

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Virulence of an agent can be characterized with its LD50

value

Answer 20

True

Question 21

The virulent factors help the agents in causing disease

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Virulence of a bacterium or virus can change

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Species related resistance means that certain agents cannot cause infection in resistant host species

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Virulence variants can occur within a bacterium or virus

species

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Pathogenic variants can occur within a bacterium or virus

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Stenoxen agents have a wide host range

Answer 26

False

Question 27

Aerogen is a form of direct infection

Answer 27

False (man må KLINE)

Question 28

Infection cannot happen through water due to deactivation

Answer 28

False

Question 29

Lethality shows the ratio of dead animals and the total stock

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Morbidity shows the proportion of diseased animals in a | population

Answer 30

True

Question 31

In case of an acute disease the incubation time is long

Answer 31

False

Question 32

The clinical signs are more typical in the case of an acute than a chronic disease

Answer 32

True

Question 33

In the case of inapparent infection only mild signs can be seen

Answer 33

False(no signs)

Question 34

In case of inapparent infections no clinical signs can be seen

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Latent infection is common in the case of gram positive | bacteria

Answer 35

False

Question 36

There are only mild clinical signs in a latent infection

Answer 36

False

Question 37

In the case of abortive infections abortion is an important | clinical sign

Answer 37

False In most abortive cases there are ∅ CS in dam → Abortion is ONLY clinical sign

Question 38

In the case of inapperent infections seropositivity can be | seen

Answer 38

``` True Carrier state → Presence of infection without occurrence of recognizable symptoms or CS Can detect carrier animals within a herd with serology (detect circulating antibody titres) ```

Question 39

Inapparent infections cannot bedetected in laboratory | examinations

Answer 39

False

Question 40

In case of abortive infection, the animal always aborts.

Answer 40

False

Question 41

In latent infection, there is no virus shedding.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Tolerated infection can be demonstrated only by serology.

Answer 42

False

Question 43

Abortive infection can be demonstrated only by serology.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Cyclozoonoses require an arthropod for transmission

Answer 44

False Cyclozoonoses require one or more vertebrate hosts for completion of a life cycle

Question 45

In the case of a local infection the site of entry and the lesions are at the same place

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Tolerated infection can be diagnosed by detecting antibodies

Answer 46

False

Question 47

Incubation time is the time from showing CS to death

Answer 47

False

Question 48

Endemic diseases occurs in a limited population

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Pathogenicity means the ability of the agent to cause disease

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Virulence means the level of pathogenicity

Answer 50

True

Question 51

In the case of optimal way of infection the least amount of agent can cause disease

Answer 51

True

Question 52

In case of viral diseases no antibiotics are given

Answer 52

False

Question 53

Only diseased animals have to be treated with antibiotics to prevent resistance

Answer 53

False

Question 54

Antibiotics may be used only until the dissappearance of | clinical signs

Answer 54

False

Question 55

Using hyperimmune sera is usually not justifiable

Answer 55

True?

Question 56

Aetiological treatment with antibiotics is done in the case of bacterial diseases

Answer 56

True

Question 57

There is no antiviral therapy

Answer 57

False

Question 58

Hyperimmune serum can be used for aetiological treatment

Answer 58

True

Question 59

Antibacterial treatment is used in order to prevent secondary bacterial infections

Answer 59

True

Question 60

Half of the Igs comes from the colostrum in calves

Answer 60

True?

Question 61

Immunocomp cells are not received via colostrum in calves

Answer 61

False

Question 62

Intrauterine infection cause imm.tolerance

Answer 62

True

Question 63

1 day old animals have no immune response

Answer 63

False

Question 64

Chicken embryos are able to produce an immune response.

Answer 64

True

Question 65

From 2nd trimester of pregnancy, the foetus produces an | immune response against any antigen.

Answer 65

False

Question 66

There is no immune response in the foetus, only from 4 weeks after birth.

Answer 66

False

Question 67

Colostrum of 10% of body wieght has to be provided for | calves on the 1st day

Answer 67

True?

Question 68

Absorption of colostrum is finished 27 hours after birth in | calves

Answer 68

True

Question 69

Colostrum is not important in protection of calves since the antibodies can go through the placenta

Answer 69

False

Question 70

Mycotoxins can be immunosuppressive

Answer 70

True

Question 71

Marker vaccines are less immunogenic than traditional | vaccines

Answer 71

True?

Question 72

Using marker vaccines, vaccinated and infected animals can be differentiated

Answer 72

True

Question 73

Use of marker vaccines can be combined with “test and | remove” eradication

Answer 73

True

Question 74

Marker vaccines are marked with dyes

Answer 74

False

Question 75

Following DIVA vaccinated and infected animals can be diffe

Answer 75

True

Question 76

Presence of maternal antibodies can inhibit the efficacy of vaccinations

Answer 76

True

Question 77

Test and remove method of eradication cannot be combined with vaccination

Answer 77

False

Question 78

Live vaccines are not used now days because they are | dangerous

Answer 78

False

Question 79

‘All in/all out’ is a general rule of prevention of infectious disease

Answer 79

True

Question 80

The immune response produced by an attenuated vaccine is low.

Answer 80

False

Question 81

Some attenuated vaccine strains can be immunosuppressive.

Answer 81

True

Question 82

Attenuated vaccines induced a quick immune response.

Answer 82

True

Question 83

Generation shift is a method of eradication of a disease

Answer 83

True

Question 84

In eradication by selective breeding, the seropositive animals are eliminated

Answer 84

True

Question 85

In eradication by selective breeding, only the animals | shedding the bacteria are eliminated.

Answer 85

False

Question 86

In eradication by selective breeding, vaccination cannot be | used

Answer 86

True

Question 87

Eradication by selective breeding is not used anymore.

Answer 87

False

Question 88

Selection is not used to eradicate a disease anymore

Answer 88

False

Question 89

In test and remove methods seropositive animals are removed

Answer 89

True?

Question 90

In test and remove animals shedding the agent are removed

Answer 90

?

Question 91

Intrauterine infection can occur in pregnant animals

Answer 91

True

Question 92

Live vaccines always contain avirulent agents

Answer 92

False

Question 93

Live vaccines can contain strains with lower virulence

Answer 93

True?

Question 94

In generation shift the newborn is separated from the dam

Answer 94

True