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EPI > General short notes T/F > Flashcards

General short notes T/F Flashcards

1
Q

Direct infection happens when infected animals pass the

infection with water

A

False

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2
Q

Germinative infection is common in mammals

A

False- Non mammals only

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3
Q

In case of secondary infection the agent complicates a

primary infection

A

True

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4
Q

Vertical infection does not occur in mammals

A

False
Vertical infection → Transfer
from parent to offspring/one
generation to the next

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5
Q

Horizontal infection does not occur in mammals

A

False- Horizontal infection → Transmission of an infectious agent between members of the
same spp.

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6
Q

Germinative infection does not occur in mammals

A

True

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7
Q

Galactogen infection does not occur in mammals

A

False
Pathogen is shed in milk →
Infects offspring

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8
Q

Species specific resistance can be overcome by increasing the number of agents

A

True

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9
Q

Susceptibility of hosts is influenced by age

A

True

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10
Q

In case of secondary infection, a new pathogen infects an already cured animal.

A

False

Re-infection

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11
Q

In case of secondary infection, two pathogens infect the host simultaneously

A 
False 
Co-infection
Host is infected with one
pathogen → Locus minoris
resistentiae → Infection with
another pathogen
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12
Q

In case of secondary infection, one of the agents is always a virus.

A

False

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13
Q

Germinative inf only occur in poultry.

A

False

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14
Q

In germinative inf, the placenta is infected by the mother

during pregnancy.

A

False
Germinative infection →
Infection of gametes

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15
Q

Germinative inf is a rare form of horizontal inf.

A

False

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16
Q

In germinative infection, the newborn is infected through the milk.

A

False

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17
Q

In case of secondary infection, a bacterium infects an

individual which is already infected with a pathogen

A

False

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18
Q

Facultative pathogens cause disease in case predisposing factors are present

A

True

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19
Q

virulence is a stable characteristic in bacteria

A

False

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20
Q

Virulence of an agent can be characterized with its LD50

value

A

True

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21
Q

The virulent factors help the agents in causing disease

A

True

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22
Q

Virulence of a bacterium or virus can change

A

True

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23
Q

Species related resistance means that certain agents cannot cause infection in resistant host species

A

True

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24
Q

Virulence variants can occur within a bacterium or virus

species

A

True

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25
Q

Pathogenic variants can occur within a bacterium or virus

A

True

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26
Q

Stenoxen agents have a wide host range

A

False

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27
Q

Aerogen is a form of direct infection

A

False (man må KLINE)

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28
Q

Infection cannot happen through water due to deactivation

A

False

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29
Q

Lethality shows the ratio of dead animals and the total stock

A

False

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30
Q

Morbidity shows the proportion of diseased animals in a

population

A

True

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31
Q

In case of an acute disease the incubation time is long

A

False

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32
Q

The clinical signs are more typical in the case of an acute than a chronic disease

A

True

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33
Q

In the case of inapparent infection only mild signs can be seen

A

False(no signs)

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34
Q

In case of inapparent infections no clinical signs can be seen

A

True

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35
Q

Latent infection is common in the case of gram positive

bacteria

A

False

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36
Q

There are only mild clinical signs in a latent infection

A

False

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37
Q

In the case of abortive infections abortion is an important

clinical sign

A

False
In most abortive cases there are
∅ CS in dam → Abortion is ONLY
clinical sign

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38
Q

In the case of inapperent infections seropositivity can be

seen

A 
True
Carrier state → Presence of
infection without occurrence of
recognizable symptoms or CS
Can detect carrier animals within
a herd with serology (detect
circulating antibody titres)
39
Q

Inapparent infections cannot bedetected in laboratory

examinations

A

False

40
Q

In case of abortive infection, the animal always aborts.

A

False

41
Q

In latent infection, there is no virus shedding.

A

True

42
Q

Tolerated infection can be demonstrated only by serology.

A

False

43
Q

Abortive infection can be demonstrated only by serology.

A

True

44
Q

Cyclozoonoses require an arthropod for transmission

A

False
Cyclozoonoses require one or
more vertebrate hosts for
completion of a life cycle

45
Q

In the case of a local infection the site of entry and the lesions are at the same place

A

True

46
Q

Tolerated infection can be diagnosed by detecting antibodies

A

False

47
Q

Incubation time is the time from showing CS to death

A

False

48
Q

Endemic diseases occurs in a limited population

A

True

49
Q

Pathogenicity means the ability of the agent to cause disease

A

True

50
Q

Virulence means the level of pathogenicity

A

True

51
Q

In the case of optimal way of infection the least amount of agent can cause disease

A

True

52
Q

In case of viral diseases no antibiotics are given

A

False

53
Q

Only diseased animals have to be treated with antibiotics to prevent resistance

A

False

54
Q

Antibiotics may be used only until the dissappearance of

clinical signs

A

False

55
Q

Using hyperimmune sera is usually not justifiable

A

True?

56
Q

Aetiological treatment with antibiotics is done in the case of bacterial diseases

A

True

57
Q

There is no antiviral therapy

A

False

58
Q

Hyperimmune serum can be used for aetiological treatment

A

True

59
Q

Antibacterial treatment is used in order to prevent secondary
bacterial infections

A

True

60
Q

Half of the Igs comes from the colostrum in calves

A

True?

61
Q

Immunocomp cells are not received via colostrum in calves

A

False

62
Q

Intrauterine infection cause imm.tolerance

A

True

63
Q

1 day old animals have no immune response

A

False

64
Q

Chicken embryos are able to produce an immune response.

A

True

65
Q

From 2nd trimester of pregnancy, the foetus produces an

immune response against any antigen.

A

False

66
Q

There is no immune response in the foetus, only from 4 weeks after birth.

A

False

67
Q

Colostrum of 10% of body wieght has to be provided for

calves on the 1st day

A

True?

68
Q

Absorption of colostrum is finished 27 hours after birth in

calves

A

True

69
Q

Colostrum is not important in protection of calves since the antibodies can go through the placenta

A

False

70
Q

Mycotoxins can be immunosuppressive

A

True

71
Q

Marker vaccines are less immunogenic than traditional

vaccines

A

True?

72
Q

Using marker vaccines, vaccinated and infected animals can be differentiated

A

True

73
Q

Use of marker vaccines can be combined with “test and

remove” eradication

A

True

74
Q

Marker vaccines are marked with dyes

A

False

75
Q

Following DIVA vaccinated and infected animals can be diffe

A

True

76
Q

Presence of maternal antibodies can inhibit the efficacy of vaccinations

A

True

77
Q

Test and remove method of eradication cannot be combined with vaccination

A

False

78
Q

Live vaccines are not used now days because they are

dangerous

A

False

79
Q

‘All in/all out’ is a general rule of prevention of infectious
disease

A

True

80
Q

The immune response produced by an attenuated vaccine is low.

A

False

81
Q

Some attenuated vaccine strains can be immunosuppressive.

A

True

82
Q

Attenuated vaccines induced a quick immune response.

A

True

83
Q

Generation shift is a method of eradication of a disease

A

True

84
Q

In eradication by selective breeding, the seropositive animals are eliminated

A

True

85
Q

In eradication by selective breeding, only the animals

shedding the bacteria are eliminated.

A

False

86
Q

In eradication by selective breeding, vaccination cannot be

used

A

True

87
Q

Eradication by selective breeding is not used anymore.

A

False

88
Q

Selection is not used to eradicate a disease anymore

A

False

89
Q

In test and remove methods seropositive animals are removed

A

True?

90
Q

In test and remove animals shedding the agent are removed

A

?

91
Q

Intrauterine infection can occur in pregnant animals

A

True

92
Q

Live vaccines always contain avirulent agents

A

False

93
Q

Live vaccines can contain strains with lower virulence

A

True?

94
Q

In generation shift the newborn is separated from the dam

A

True

EPI (15 decks)

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