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EPI > Midterm 2 part 2 chapter III > Flashcards

Midterm 2 part 2 chapter III Flashcards

1
Q

Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of Equine encephalomyelitis virus

A

True

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2
Q

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses cause disease in horse populations worldwide.

A

False

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3
Q

Equine encephalomyelitis outbreaks are usually emerging in summer or rainy seasons.

A

True

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4
Q

After recovery from acute viral encephalomyelitis permanent lesions may remain in horses.

A

True

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5
Q

The equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic agents.

A

True

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6
Q

Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infects only horses.

A

False

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7
Q

Togavirus infections can unambiguously be diagnosed based on clinical signs and pathology.

A

False

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8
Q

In Europe vaccination of horses against equine encephalomyelitis is compulsory

A

False

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9
Q

Wild birds are involved in the transmission cycle of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis.

A

True

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10
Q

Ticks are involved in the transmission cycle of EEE.

A

False

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11
Q

Viral equine encephalomyelitis is usually diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs.

A

False

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12
Q

In endemic countries vaccines are available against equine viral encephalomyelitis.

A

True

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13
Q

Mainly ticks are the vectors of equine encephalomyelitis virus.

A

False

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14
Q

Togavirus infections can unambiguously be diagnosed based on clinical signs and pain.

A

False

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15
Q

Many of the flaviviruses are zoonotic agents.

A

True

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16
Q

The pestiviruses are arboviruses.

A

False

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17
Q

Flaviviruses form distinct serotypes without serological cross-reactions.

A

False

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18
Q

Pestivirus are zoonotic agents.

A

False

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19
Q

Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the other members of the Flavivirus genus.

A

True

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20
Q

Yellow fever virus and Dengue virus are human pathogens.

A

True

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21
Q

Flaviviruses are resistant to lipid solvents.

A

False

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22
Q

Louping ill is seen in cattle in North America.

A

False

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23
Q

Louping ill present only in tropical and subtropical countries.

A

False

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24
Q

Louping ill is mostly seen in sheep.

A

True

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25
Q

Louping ill is usually seen in rabbit

A

False

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26
Q

Abortion and foetal malformations are the most typical signs of Louping ill in sheep.

A

False

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27
Q

Differential diagnoses of Louping-Ill: Listeria, Rabies, Scrapie.

A

True

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28
Q

Louping-Ill is a disease of swine.

A

False

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29
Q

Louping ill occurs in the Far-East

A

False

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30
Q

The main vectors of the Tick-borne encephalitis virus are Hyalomma and Dermocentor species.

A

False

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31
Q

The Tick-borne encephalitis virus is resistant to detergents.

A

False

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32
Q

Mainly birds develop Tick-borne encephalitis.

A

False

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33
Q

The consumption of raw goat milk is a possible cause of the human tick born encephalitis.

A

True

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34
Q

Biphasic fever is a characteristic sign of Tick-born encephalitis.

A

True

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35
Q

Tick-borne encephalitis viruses are present only in tropical regions.

A

False

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36
Q

Inactivated vaccines are available against tick-borne encephalitis for humans.

A

True

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37
Q

The tick-borne encephalitis is widespread in North America

A

False

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38
Q

The West Nile virus is present only in Africa.

A

False

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39
Q

Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of the West Nile virus.

A

True

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40
Q

Horses and humans do not play a significant role in the transmission of West Nile Virus.

A

True

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41
Q

The weather does not influence the occurrence of West Nile fever outbreaks.

A

False

42
Q

Horses are the reservoirs host of West Nile Virus.

A

False

43
Q

The weather influences the emergence of WNV outbreaks through its effect on mosquito Propagation dynamics.

A

True

44
Q

The sero-diagnostics of West Nile virus is complicated by cross-reactions with related flaviviruses.

A

True

45
Q

The West Nile Virus is genetically uniform, but at least 15 serotypes are known.

A

False

46
Q

Certain predatory bird species are particularly sensitive to West Nile virus infections.

A

True

47
Q

The use of repellents may reduce the risk of infection with West Nile virus.

A

True

48
Q

Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of the West Nile Virus.

A

False

49
Q

West Nile Virus typically causes reproductive problems in cattle

A

False

50
Q

West Nile Fever can be unambiguously diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs.

A

False

51
Q

There are no available vaccinations for humans against West Nile Virus yet.

A

True

52
Q

The principal vectors of the West Nile Virus are midges.

A

False

53
Q

Different genetic lineages of West Nile Virus are circulating in Europe.

A

True

54
Q

West Nile Virus mainly causes diarrhoea in sheep.

A

False

55
Q

West Nile Virus typically causes reproductive problems in cattle.

A

False

56
Q

West Nile Virus can be unambiguously diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs.

A

False

57
Q

Wild birds are the natural hosts of West Nile virus.

A

True

58
Q

Mammals are usually accidental, dead-end hosts of WNV.

A

True

59
Q

West Nile Virus causes central nervous signs in 80-90% of the infections.

A

False

60
Q

West Nile Virus outbreaks usually develop in the end of summer and in autumn.

A

True

61
Q

West Nile Virus cannot be isolated in cell cultures.

A

False

62
Q

Vaccines are available for the prevention of horses from WNV infections.

A

True

63
Q

West Nile Virus is the only known zoonotic flavivirus.

Bovine

A

False

64
Q

Attenuated vaccine strains against bovine viral diarrhea virus may have foetopathic effects.

A

True

65
Q

Eradication of BVD is based on the removal of immunotolerance.

A

True

66
Q

The only efficient way of BVD eradication is the replacement of all the animals in the farm.

A

False

67
Q

In sheep, BVD may cause a disease similar to the border disease.

A

True

68
Q

Bovine viral diarrhea and Mucosal disease are caused by the same virus species.

A

True

69
Q

Mucosal disease usually emerges in cattle farms as explosive outbreaks with high morbidity.

A

False

70
Q

Swine are not susceptible for Bovine viral diarrhea virus.

A

False

71
Q

Two serotypes of the bovine viral diarrhea virus are known so far, serotype two is more virulent.

A

False

its 2 genotypes, NOT serotypes

72
Q

BVDV cannot be propagated in cell cultures.

A

False

73
Q

BVDV is practically sensitive to disinfectants.

A

True

74
Q

Rodents play a central role in the maintenance of BVD virus in the environment.

A

False

75
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea cannot be transmitted with AI

A

False

76
Q

Non-cytopathic BVD stain can mutate and become cytopathic.

A

True

77
Q

Intrauterine BVD infection always cause abortion.

A

False

78
Q

Cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotypes of the BVD virus are known.

A

True

79
Q

Wild birds are the natural hosts of the Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus.

A

False

80
Q

Environmental contamination does not play a role in the spread of the BVD virus.

A

False

81
Q

The BVD virus typically damages endothelial epithelial- and lymphatic tissues.

A

True

82
Q

Cattle which are immune-tolerant to BVDV virus may develop mucosal disease.

A

True

83
Q

Mucosal Disease, only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against BVD.

A

False

84
Q

Cytopathic BVDV strains cause mucosal disease in immune-tolerant calves.

A

True

85
Q

Non-cytopathic BVDV infections have immunosuppressive effect.

A

True

86
Q

Because Europe is free from BVD, it is forbidden to use vaccines against it.

A

False

87
Q

The BVD virus genotype 2 is less virulent than genotype 1.

A

False

88
Q

The BVDV typically damages endothelial-, epithelial- and lymphatic tissues.

A

True

89
Q

Only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against BVD.

A

False

90
Q

BVDV infection may cause immunosuppression.

A

True

91
Q

BVDV in sheep causes border disease-like illness.

A

True

92
Q

Two genotypes of the BVDV are known.

A

True

93
Q

BVDV forms one serotype, but there are significant antigenic differences between the strains.

A

True

94
Q

Persistently infected animals play the major role in the maintenance and spread of BVDV.

A

True

95
Q

Eradication of BVDV is based on the removal of immunotolerant animals.

A

True

96
Q

Because IBDV is an immunosuppressive virus, no vaccines against it

A

False

97
Q

Border diseases is most frequently seen in horses.

A

False

98
Q

In utero border disease virus may cause immunotolerance.

A

True

99
Q

The border disease virus may infect goats too.

A

True

100
Q

Border disease of sheep is mainly characterized by fetal damage

A

True

EPI (15 decks)

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