Short Term Memory Flashcards
What are the 3 memory processes?
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
What are the 3 main components of the MSM?
STM
LTM
Sensory Memory
What did George Sperling do?
Shown a letter array for 50ms. PPs were asked to report the low/med/high row. PPs can report 4 letters in partial reports. Recalled more letters when asked to recall only one row compared to all letters.
How can we/cant we report iconic memory
Can report visual properties e.g. size/colour/shape
Cant report by category so semantic knowledge isnt represented in the icon
What did Miller find the capacity of STM was?
Around 7 +/- 2 items/chunks
How is info transferred from STM to LTM?
Elaborative rehearsal
What did Craik and Lockhart demonstrate about levels of processing?
Shallow/Physical processing = letters, detecting fonts, sounds, colours
Deep/semantic processing = recalling facts, creating sentences, associations
What are the components of the WMM, including the sub-components?
Central executive
Phonological loop - phonological store and articulatory control processes
Visuo-spatial sketchpad - visual cache and inner scribe
Episodic buffer
What did Conrad demonstrate about the phonological loop?
Found recall was 25% worse with phonologically similar lists, compared to dissimilar list. Suggesting speech-based rehearsal is within the phonological loop
What are flashbulb memories?
Vivid detailed memories that people have of dramatic world events
What do Brown and Kwik say about flashbulb memores?
Argue flashbulb memories differ in longevity, accuracy and rely on a special neural mechanism
What was Bohannon’s study about, regarding flashbulb memories?
Challenger disaster. 2 weeks later, recall reduced to 77% and then to 58% 8 months later. Suggests flashbulb memories decay like normal memories and are stored in LTM.
What is the self-referent effect?
If we view new information as relevant to the self, we consider it more fully and are able to recall it.
