Sensation, Perception, Consciousness Flashcards
What are the Aristotle 5 senses?
Vision Audition Somatosensory Gaustation Olfaction
What areas of the brain are associated with: Hearing Touch Vision Smell Taste
Hearing- Primary auditory cortex Touch- Primary sensory cortex Vision- Primary visual cortex Smell- Pituitary gland Taste- Amygdala and Hypothalamus
What are the 2 routes for vision?
1- Lateral geniculate (for higher developed animals)
2- Retino-tectal (old route for vision)
What are the hard and soft problems identified by david charmers?
Hard- how does activity become conscious? We cannot locate it in the brain
Soft- Consciousness comes from brain activity
What is the Global Workspace Model (Baars)?
Consciousness comes from synchronised and integrated brain activity across multiple brain regions.
Selective attentional processes affects how much of what we process, we’re aware of
What are some problems with the Global Workspace Model?
How do you define and measure zero levels of consciousness?
Cannot explain how or why we are conscious
Even patients with limited brain activity appear to have some levels of awareness and can respond to stimuli in sleep
What is the binding problem?
How do we break information down, process it and put it together again?
What is precise synchrony and general synchrony?
Precise synchrony- single cell firing. Big binding system, takes a lot of power
General synchrony- General pattern of cell firing. Fills in the details later
What is weak structural functionalism?
Some cells do multiple tasks e.g. some brain regions may do more than one job
What are the 3 rules of Gestalt Pragnanz?
1- Similarity e.g. orientation, colour, shapes
2- Proximity
3- Good continuation- rules about order etc
What is the difference between Dorsal steam and Ventral stream?
Dorsal- vision for action
Ventral- vision for perception
What is a possible solution to the binding problem?
Precise synchrony
What are the 2 types of cells that the optic nerve is composed of?
Ganglion cells and glial cells
What are the 3 most common ganglion cells?
Midget cells, Parasol cells, Small bistratified cells
What is the difference between Low-Level Content Experience and High-Level Content Experience?
Low-Level Content Experience- Basic “here and now” form of consciousness found in all animals
High-Level Content Experience- Involves a human specific awareness of the self and reasoning
