Language Flashcards
Who is Panbanisha
Bonobo ape. Was taught to use keyboard that produces voices. Had a 3000 word vocas at 14 yrs old and understood english at the level of a 2.5-3 year old. Difficult to understand sentences out of present tense.
What did Chomsky say about language?
Argues language in innate. Argues multiple linguistic universals e.g. Lexical Categories, Word Order, Recursion
Who criticised Chomsky’s approach?
Christiansen and Carter
What is the Wolfian hypothesis? And what study supports the weaker version?
Argues language determines thinking
Strongest version- a thought expressible in 1 language may not be expressible in another
Weakest version- Winawer et al- Russians were best at colour discrimination as they have distinctive words for dark and light blue
What are Levelt’s 3 main processes of language production?
1 Conceptualisation- planning the message
2 Formulation- Transforming the intended message into speech and sounds
3 Articulation- Words are turned into speech
What did Brown and McNeil study?
TOT phenomenon.
PPs given definitions to low frequency words. attempt to recall word association with the definition. Can do the first process, can conceptualise the info
What are the 4 elements of a spoken language?
Phonology
Semantics
Grammar
Pragmatics
What are the 2 ways to generate spelling a word?
1- Sublexical route: sound-to spelling conversion. Phoneme-to-grapheme conversation. Useful for words with unusual spelling
2- Lexical route: direct retrieval of the orthographic word used. Stored knowledge about how the word is written. Important for languages with deep orthographies
What is the graded salience model?
Initial processing of message is determined by salience or prominence of the meaning, rather than the type. Extraction or meaning is usually fast and effortless, thus experience is important.
What are the 2 stages of inference making?
1- Bonding: Inferences are constructed as words appear.
2-Resolution- Inferences are checked to make sure
What are the 2 rules-of-thumb in sentence processing?
1- Common ground: Listeners memory access can be limited/restricted to what is common between speaker and listener
2-Egocentric heuristic: Working out a speakers message is effortful. Information from common ground can be used to correct any errors in interpretation.
What is the Roschian hypothesis?
Language doesn’t determine our thinking. Language is only used to describe our perceptions of the world.
What is
a) syllabic structure
b) prosodic structure
a) how spoken words can be deconstructed into syllables
b) assigning stress and intonation without a sentence
