Short and long term effects of exercise Flashcards
What are the 4 short term effects of exercise on the muscular system
Lactic acid production, muscle temperature increases, increases in metabolism, increase in oxygen to working muscles
Define metabolism
Involves the many continuous chemical processes inside the body that are essential for living, moving and growing. The number of kilojoules the body burns is regulated by the rate of metabolism
What are the 4 short term effects of lactic acid
Muscular pain, muscular fatigue, athlete is unable to complete, negative effect on our ability to complete a training session decreasing intensity
What are the 6 short term effects of exercise on the cardio vascular system
Stroke volume increases, heart rate increases, cardiac output increases, anticipatory heart rate increases through the release of adrenaline, heart muscle temperature increases, vascular shunt mechanism-arteries towards working muscles will vasodialate as they need more oxygen for respiration arteries towards organs not in use vasocaonstrict as they as they need less oxygen.
What are the 6 short term effects of exercise on the respiratory system
Respiratory rate increases, tidal volume increases, minute ventilation increases, higher rate of gas exchange, increase in respiratory muscles temperature, increased oxygen to working muscles
Paragraph on the short term effects of exercise on the cardio vascular system in recovery
During the recovery period after excessive your heart rate and stroke volume will decrease back to their normal rate. This means that you cardiac output will also decrease. As you working muscles during exercise now need less oxygen the vascular shunt mechanism will function. This means that the arteries supplying the previously working muscles with oxygen will now vasoconstrict. The arteries supplying the vital organs, such as the liver, with blood will vasodialate. The heart muscle will also reduce in temperature as it is not working as hard and its heart rate will have slowed down.
Paragraph on the short term effects of exercise on the respiratory system in recovery
During the recovery period after exercise, the previously working muscles need less oxygen as they no longer have to work as hard. This means that the breathing area and tidal volume will decrease meaning the minute ventilation also decreases. As the breathing rate decreases less oxygen enters the blood meaning that there will be a lower rate of gas exchange. The respiratory muscles will also not be working as hard meaning their temperature decrease.
What are the 13 long term effects of exercise
Increased bone density, hypertrophy of muscles, muscular strength, muscular endurance, resistance to fatigue, hypertrophy of heart, resting heart rate and stroke volume, cardiac output, heart rate recovery, tidal volume and minute volume, respiratory muscles, aerobic capacity, capiliarisation
What is the long term effect of exercise on bone density
Regular training will increases bone density and strengthen bone matter helping reduce the risk of osteoporosis. This can be done using regular weight bearing exercises such as weightlifting and skipping
What is the long term effects of exercise on hypertrophy of muscle
Hypertrophy is an increases in the size of muscle. Training results in skeletal muscle being damaged as the tiny muscle fibres are pulled apart causing trauma. With resta dn time to recover these muscle fibres are rebuilt stronger than before. Hypertrophy occurs through the use of heavy weights
What are the long term effects of exercise on muscular strength
Following resistance training there is an increased thickness of muscle fibres due to greater muscle protein. Muscle strength will therefore be increased
What are the long term effects of exercise on muscular endurance
Following endurance training, muscular endurance increases. Slow twitch fibres will get larger by about 20%. This means there is greater potential for energy production
What are the long term effects of exercise on resistance to fatigue
Endurance training will also increase the capacity to carry oxygen meaning the athlete become aerobically fitter. This increases their resistance to fatigue
What are the long term effects of exercise on hypertrophy of the heart
The hypertrophy of heart means the wall of the left ventricle becomes thicker therefore increasing the strength of contractions in the heart.
What are the long term effects of exercise on the resting HR and stroke volume
Hypertrophy of the heart leads to a decrease in the resting heart rate. The heart takes fewer beats per minute to supply the body with sufficient oxygen at rest. Increase in stroke volume means the heart can pump more blood with each contraction.
What are the long term effects of exercise on the cardiac output
With a higher stroke volume there is an increase in cardiac output during maximum exercise. More blood will be pumped from the left ventricle per minute during high levels of exercise. This is because cardiac output=stroke volume x heart rate
What are the long term effects of exercise on heart rate recovery
Training will result in the heart rate recovering quicker back to the resting heart rate after exercise.
What are the long term effects of exercise on tidal volume and minute volume
Exercise results in an increase in tidal volume as more air is inspired of expired per breath. It also means an increase in minute volume as there is an increase in the amount of air inspired or expired in one minute
What are the long term effects of exercise on the respiratory muscles
Exercise will result in an increase in intercostal muscle strength allowing more air to be breathed in and out.
What are the long term effects of exercise on the aerobic capacity
Aerobic capacity increases. This is you body’s maximum oxygen uptake so your body can work harder for longer. This means an increased efficiency of gas exchange
What are the long term effects of exercise on capiliarisation
Exercise results in an increase in the formation of capillaries that surround a muscle. This leads to a more effective uptake of oxygen and more effective removal of carbon dioxide
Explain how the long term effects of exercise on the muscular system could be beneficial to a footballer.
One long-term effect of exercise on the muscular system is hypertrophy of muscles. Training results in tiny muscle fibres being pulled apart after the body recovers. The muscle fibres are rebuilt stronger increasing the size of the muscle. This is beneficial to a footballer as it allows them to run faster, making them perform better. Following resistance training there is an increase in the thickness of muscle fibres. This means that muscle strength will increase allowing the footballer to perform better as they have increased muscular strength. Another long-term effect of exercise is increased muscular endurance following endurance training. This means that slow twitch fires will get larger by about 20%. This means that there is a greater potential for energy production. This is beneficial to a footballer as it allows them to perform at a high-level for longer for example they can run at high speed for a long time without getting tired and needing to stop.
