Levers, planes and axis Flashcards
What are the 4 parts of a lever
Lever arms (bones), fulcrum (joints), effort(provided by muscles), load(body parts, objects)
What are first class levers
A lever where the fulcrum occurs between the effort and the load
Where are first class levers located
Neck
What is an practical example of a first class lever
Doing a header in football
What is a second class lever
This lever occurs when the load is between the effort and the fulcrum
Where do second class levers occur
In the ankle
What is a practical example of a second class lever
Jumping for a rebound in a netball shot
What is a third class lever
This lever occurs when the effort lies between the fulcrum and the load
Where do third class levers occur
Every other joint apart from neck and ankle. Eg elbow
What is a practical example of a third class lever
A bicep curl
What is a mechanical advantage
A lever being able to overcome a large load with relatively little effort
What are the advantages of a second class lever
-mechanical advantage
-effort arm> load arm
-output force> input force
-able to move a large load with a small effort
What are the disadvantages of second class levers
-Range of movement is very small
What are the advantage of third class levers
-Mechanical disadvantage isn’t a problem with lighter loads
-range of motion is larger than 2nd
-speed of movement is faster
What are the disadvantages of third class levers
-mechanical disadvantage
-load arm>effort arm
-large effort is needed to move a small load as the effort is closer to the fulcrum
-output<input force
What are three sports in which long levers allow for a greater range of movement or larger speed being an advantage
-basketball (long arms and legs)
-cricket bowling (longer arms)
-netball defender (longer arms)
What are three sports in which short levers that allow for considerable strength would be a advantage
-gymnastics (more compact for somersaulting)
-figure skating (twisting)
-weightlifters (less distance to pull up weights)
What are planes of movement
Specific movement patterns that are broken down into different directions
What is the sagittal plane
A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right sides
What movements can happen in the sagittal plane and a example
Flexion and extension, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion egbicep curls
What is the frontal plane
A plane which divides the body into back and front
What movements can happen in the frontal plane and a example
Abduction and adduction-only lateral actions eg star jump
What is the transverse plane
A horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower halves
What movements can happen in the transverse plane and examples
Rotation, horizontal extension +flexion eg following your shot in gold with your hips
