Shock Flashcards
What are the 3 compensatory mechanisms of shock?
Tachycardia
Peripheral vasoconstriction
Inreased respiratory rate
What are the 3 elements of adequate perfusion?
PUMP-functioning heart
PIPES-intact vessels and containers
FLUID-adequate volume
What is the trauma triad of death?
Hypothermia
Coagulopathy
Acidosis
How do you keep a shock patient’s blood patient sufficient enough to get to the vital organs?
Lay them down
What is compensated shock?
15-30% decrease in BV
BP elevated or normal, RR elevated, normal or slight change in LOC
What is decompensated shock?
30-40% decrease in BV
BP begins to fall, RR elevated, HR elevated, altered LOC
What is irreversible shock?
40% and greater decrease in BV
BP is low, RR decrease, HR decrease, ALOC/Unresponsive
Class 1 of hemorrhage?
<750 ml
Class 2 of hemorrhage?
750-1500 ml
Class 3 of hemorrhage?
1500-2000 ml
Class 4 of hemorrhage?
> 2000 ml
What is normal BV in men and women?
male: 5-5.5 L
female:4.5-5 L
What is cardiogenic shock? What is it caused by? What are the signs/symptoms?
Damage/failure of myocardium leads to ineffective pumping
Caused by AMI (acute myocardial infarction), HF, trauma
Tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, chest pain, SOB, pulmonary edema, ALOC, probable cardiac history
What is cardiac tamponade? What causes it? What are signs/symptoms?
Fluid collects in pericardial sac squeezing the heart
Tachycardia and Beck’s triad (JVD, narrowing pulse pressure (hypotension), muffled heart sounds
What does Beck’s triad imply? What is it?
Cardiac tamponade
JVD, narrowing pulse pressure (hypotension), muffled heart sounds
What is tension pneumothorax? What are sounds and symptoms?
Air collects in the plural space of the chest cavity compressing lungs, heart, and vessels
Respiratory distress, tachycardia, diminished or absent lung sounds, hypotension, JVD
What are the two causes of obstructive shock?
Cardiac tamponade and tension pneumothorax
What is narrowing pulse pressure?
The gap between the systolic and diastolic pressures continually decreases. The diastolic may remain mostly constant while the systolic decreases
What organs does distributive shock affect?
the pipes (vessels)
What is anaphylactic shock? What are signs and symptoms?
Multisystem allergic reaction causes massive vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, bronchoconstriction
hypotension, hives, stridor, dyspnea, andiodema, wheezing, weak pulses, skin flushed, cyanotic, GI upset
What is neurogenic shock? What are signs and symptoms?
Spinal cord damage causes systemic vasodilation below the injury
MOI indicating spinal injury, hypotension, bradycardia, skin flushed below the injury, parlysis, priapism
What is a priapism?
Erection caused by neurologic injury
What is septic shock? Causes? What are signs and symptoms?
Severe systemic infection damages blood vessels increasing permeability and decreasing ability to vasoconstrict
Recent surgery, UTI, decubitus ulcers
Tachycardia, tachypnea, fever, hypotension, chills, weakness, AMS (altered mental state)
What is the main cause of sepsis in the older population?
UTI from old catheters
