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EMT Course > OBGYN Neonates > Flashcards

OBGYN Neonates Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the fimbriae and what is special about it?

A

The end of the fallopian tubes that is open to the internal environment

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2
Q

What is Mittleschmertz?

A

A specific abdominal pain typically associated with menstruation

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3
Q

What is dysmenorrhea?

A

Pain with menstruation. This is pain to the point that it affects the patients lifestyle

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4
Q

What is endometriosis?

A

Endometrium (lining of uterus) grows outside the uterus

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5
Q

What are the 3 primary elements of managing gynecological emergencies?

A

Protect Privacy
History: Normal v abnormal (use of hormonal birth controls and consider pregnancy or STD’s)
Empathetic communication

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6
Q

How is the reproductive system affected during pregnancy?

A

hormonal changes, growth of the fetus

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7
Q

How is the respiratory system affected during pregnancy?

A

Increase in RR and oxygen demand

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8
Q

How is the cardiovascular system affected during pregnancy?

A

Increase in blood volume, HR and BP increase, hemodilution

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9
Q

How is the musculoskeletal system affected during pregnancy?

A

Change in weight, change in the center of gravity, loosening of ligaments (decrease in joint stability)

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10
Q

What weeks are the first trimester?

A

1-12

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11
Q

What weeks are the second trimester?

A

13-28

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12
Q

What weeks are the third trimester?

A

29-40

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13
Q

In what trimester is morning sickness the most common? How many weeks is that?

A

First trimester
weeks 1-12

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14
Q

Babies are considered premature if born before how many weeks?

A

37 weeks

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15
Q

What is the function of the placenta?

A

Blood barrier between mom and baby
Gas and nutrient exchange
Waste removal
Transfer of immunity
Hormone production

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16
Q

What is the life span of the placenta?

A

About 40 weeks

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17
Q

What are examples of high-risk pregnancies?

A

Rapid labor and delivery
Post-term pregnancy (>42 weeks)
Pre-term delivery (<37 weeks)
Meconium staining
Multiple gestations (twins, triplets)
Intrauterine fetal death

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18
Q

What is Meconium staining?

A

Meconium is the baby’s first poop and it is nasty green. If the meconium is coming out of mom that is a big sign of fetal distress

19
Q

What complications does gestational diabetes create?

A

Mom has diabetes for a few months, and baby is large

20
Q

What are preeclampsia and eclampsia?

A

preeclampsia: Proteins in the urine as well as high blood pressure. Probably swelling in the feet and hands

eclampsia: preeclampsia causing a seizure

21
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy? S/S

A

Zygote plants anywhere outside of the uterus (fallopian tubes or even outside the uterus and fallopian tubes in open abdominal environment)

Severe abdominal pain
Vaginal bleeding (spotting)
Nausea
Collapse and weakness/syncope
Hypotension
Fast and thready pulse

22
Q

What is abruptio placenta? S/S

A

Placenta prematurely separating from the uterine wall

Vaginal bleeding
Abdominal
Back Pain
Abdominal tenderness
Uterine rigidity
Uterine contractions

23
Q

What is placenta previa? S/S

A

The placenta lies over part or the whole cervical opening

Bright red vaginal bleeding
Painless
2nd or 3rd trimester

24
Q

What are 4 premonitory signs of labor (things that lead up to labor)

A

Lightening: baby drops into the pelvis
Bloody show: vaginal discharge, signals cervix thinning and dilating
Braxton Hicks: uterine contractions (non-labor contractions)
Rupture of membranes: water breaking (usually ruptures at the end of the first stage of labor)

25
Q

Differences in true labor contractions and Braxton Hicks contractions

A

True:
Regular speed contractions
Shortening interval between contractions
Contractions increase in intensity

False:
Irregular contractions
Remains long interval
Intensity remains the same

26
Q

What is the GPA score

A

Gravida, Para, Abruptio

27
Q

What is Gravida?

A

How many pregnancies by patient (including current pregnancy in score)

28
Q

What is Para in a GPA score?

A

How many live births by patient

29
Q

What is Abruptio in GPA score?

A

How many miscarriages or elective abortions

30
Q

What is the trendelenburg position and what is it used for?

A

Legs extended with feet above the head

To slow down delivery

31
Q

What is an APGAR score? What is the max score? When do you take it?

A

Activity (2 point: Moving, crying, etc.)
Pulse (2 point: Pulse >100)
Grimace (2 point: Prompt response to stimulation)
Appearance (2 point: Pink)
Respiration (2 point: Vigorous cry)

Max score of 10

1 min after birth and 5 min after birth

32
Q

When do you cut the umbilical cord?

A

After 30 seconds or until the umbilical cord stops umbilical cord (but this can last up to minutes)

33
Q

What is a fundal massage? What is it for?

A

Locating the hard part (the fundus) of the uterus (usually between the naval and xiphoid process) and massaging it intensely. This compresses the uterus and is the biggest tool for hemorrhage control

34
Q

What do you do if a baby is born not breathing?

A

Clean out mouth then nose
Dry and clean baby, stimulating the baby’s skin
BVM ventilations

35
Q

What is nuchal cord? How do we handle it?

A

Umbilical cord wrapped around neck

One attempt to pull the cord over the head. If failed, clamp and cut the cord that is accessible

36
Q

What is prolapsed cord? How to treat it

A

The umbilical presenting before crowning. This results in an emergency c-section

Put mom in Trendelenburg or prone position so gravity helps hold in the baby. Relieve pressure from the cord and keep it pulsating by putting one hand in the vaginal canal and putting a finger on either side of the baby’s mouth and nose (forming a v with the fingers). Tell mom not to push and to pant through contractions (so that she can’t bear down)

37
Q

What is breech presentation an how do you handle it?

A

Crowning buttocks first

Position mom at the edge of the bed. Support baby through delivery with gentle upward pressure as baby’s head delivers. If head does not deliver, protect baby’s airway with fingers in a v shape. If a limb presents first, do NOT attempt delivery

38
Q

What is shoulder dystocia and how to handle?

A

Baby shoulder getting caught on the pubis symphysis halting delivery

Baby delivery halts after the head presents and may go back in (Turtle’s sign). Pull the mom’s knees as high as possible to her chest (McRoberts maneuver) and apply suprapubic pressure

39
Q

What is turtle’s sign? What does it signify?

A

When the baby’s head presents during delivery and then goes back in. This is indicative of shoulder dystocia

40
Q

What is McRobert’s maneuver and what is it for?

A

Pulling the mom’s knees as high to her chest as possible to allow for delivery when shoulder dystocia is present

41
Q

What is neonate RR?

A

40-60

42
Q

What is compression rate for newly-delivered neonates? What is compression to breath ratio?

A

120 bpm

3 compressions to 1 breath

43
Q

Where is SpO2 measured on newborns?

A

Right wrist

44
Q
A

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