Shock

Question 1

Define shock

Answer 1

INADEQUATE TISSUE PERFUSION
BASICALLY NOT ENOUGH BLOOD FLOW TO ORANS AND TISSUE RESULTING IN CELLULAR DYSFUNCTION IN VARIOUS WAYS
(DECREASED O2 AND NUTIRENTS)

Question 2

What 2 things happen when decrease O2?

Answer 2

Decreased ATP
Anaerobic respiration

Question 3

What 2 things happen when decreased nutrient?

Answer 3

Increases gluconeogenesis
Increases lipolysis

Question 4

What happens from decrease in ATP? (FROM DECREASED O2)

Answer 4

Failure in sodium and potassium pumps disrupting the neuronal membrane potential resulting in neurological dysfunction

Question 5

What are the different types of shock?

Answer 5

Cardiogenic
Obstructive
Hypovolemic
Distributive = 3 types : NAS : neurogenic, anaphylactic, septic

Question 6

What is cardiogenic shock?

Answer 6

When there’s a problem with the heart like heart attack, it decreases the cardiac output resulting in the decrease in tissue perfusion tissue leading to hypoxia and tissue damage.

Question 7

In cardio shock, what happens after the decrease in tissue perfusion?

Answer 7

THE SNS AND RAAS IS ACTIVATED IN RESPONSE TO THAT BY MAINTAINING BP AND OXYGENATION WHICH THE RAAS DOES AND SNS SPEEDS UP THE VITALS WHICH IS TO INCREASE THE BLOOD FLOW TO VITAL ORGANS

But since there’s a problem with the heart, its in a compromised state and is unable to handle the increased demand placed on it by SNS and RAAS resulting in an excessive workload on the heart which it cannot handle. This worsens its pumping ability resulting in a further decrease in cardiac output.

Question 8

What is obstructive shock?

Answer 8

OBSTRUCTIVE SHOCK IS WHEN SOMETHING IS PREVENTING THE HEART FROM PUMPING PROPERLY WHICH COULD BE PULMONARY EMBOLISM OR PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.

THIS WILL DECREASE OR BLOCK THE BLOOD FLOW WITHIN THE GREAT VESSELS OF THE HEART DECREASING THE CARDIAC OUTPUT.

Question 9

What causes obstructive shock

Answer 9

Significant PE or Pulmonary hypertension

Question 10

What is hypovolemic shock?

Answer 10

Occurs when there’s a decrease in blood volume at around 15% or more decreasing tissue perfusion.

Question 11

What causes hypo shock

Answer 11

Burns, significant diuresis or dehydration.

Question 12

How many phases are there for the hypo shock? Describe briefly for each

Answer 12

There’s 4
P1 = Initial decreased blood volume AND BODY WILL INCREASE VASOCONSTRICTION IN RESPONSE, INCREASING vital signs LIKE BP and goes unnoticed.
P2 = SNS and RAAS gets activated increasing the vital signs - High HR, RR, low BP etc
P3 = The beginning of the SNS and RAAS failing IF HYPO NOT TREATED = BP DROPS, HR INCREASED BUT WEAK, INCREASE RR
P4 = systemic failure

Question 13

What is distributive shock and how many types are there?

Answer 13

Happens when there is a widespread vasodilation throughout body DECREASING TISSUE PERFUSION. There are 3 types
1 = neurogenic
2 = anaphylactic
3 = septic

Question 14

What is neurogenic shock

Answer 14

THE PSNS INCREASES AND SNS DECREASES RESULTING IN WIDESPREAD VASODILATION DUE TO THE IMBALANCE BETWEEN THEM

PSNS PUTS A BRAKE ON VITAL SIGNS
SNS SPEEDS VITAL SIGNS UP

CAN BE CAUSED BY NERVES THAT REGULATE BLOOD VESSEL CONSTRICTION IS IMPAIRED LIKE SPINAL CORD INJURY T6 AND ABOVE AND ONCE THE VASODILATION HAPPENS TPR,CO,BP AND TISSUE PERFUSION DECREASES = ORGAN FAILURE

Question 15

What is anaphylactic shock AND WHO IS IT DRIVEN BY

Answer 15

Occurs when allergens stimulate hypersensitivity reaction resulting in widespread vasodilation. Its driven by Humoral immune response and antibodies.

Question 16

What is septic shock

Answer 16

Sepsis which is blood infection, leads to inflammatory immune response resulting in widespread vasodilation decreasing the BP and tissue perfusion