Diabetes Flashcards
What is type 1 diabetes
Total insulin deficiency
What is T2DM?
Decreased insulin production by pancreas/insulin resistance
What is GDM?
Diabetes during pregnancy that increases the risk of the development if diabetes in future
What is Hyperglycaemia?
Too much glucose in blood
What’s the pathophysiology and S+S of hyperglycaemia?
The glucose is filtered by the kidneys but not all of the filtered glucose can be reabsorbed back into the blood due to the saturation of glucose transporters in the renal tubules. S+S = Glucosuria
It can also result in the creation of osmotic gradient due to the excess glucose in the filtrate that draws more water into the filtrate. S+S = Polyuria increases plasma osmolarity = polydipsia
What are the complications of diabetes
Retinopathies
Nephropathies
Macro vascular
Neuropathies
DKA
What is vascular glycosylation? NEPHROPATHY
When it becomes excessive it has an effect on nutrient exchange, inflammatory response, wound healing (prolonged). It causes the reoccurrence of infections and contributes to tissue damage.
What is neuronal glycosylation?
Neuronal glycosylation disrupts 2 important aspects of neuronal function = signal reception and conduction = neuropathy
Diagnosis for diabetes?
Fasting BGL can be used but its not a diagnostic but an indication for further tests. Oral GTT is used to diagnose GDM
HBA1C = This is most commonly used and is very reliable. It can get an average of blood glucose levels over the life of the RBC which is 120 days.
Management for type one?
Insulin injection, diet and activity management
T2DM/GDM management?
Lifestyle changes like healthy diet and either eliminating or reducing the risk factors like smoking
Regular glucose monitoring
