Obesity

Question 1

How do you measure BMI?

Answer 1

Weight divide by height

Question 2

Other ways to measure obesity?

Answer 2

BSWWH
BUY SOMETHING WITH WHAT HOW?

BODY SCANS = CT, MRI
SKIN FOLD THICKNESS
WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE
WAIST TO HIP RATIO
HYDROSTATIC WEIGHING

Question 3

What causes obesity?

Answer 3

Genetics = LEPTIN GENES
Metabolic/endocrine = CUSHING DISEASE

Question 4

What are the risk factors of obesity?

Answer 4

Unhealthy diet
Poor physical activity
Stress

Question 5

What’s the pathophysiology of obesity?

Answer 5

THE ADIPOCYTES IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE PRODUCES LIPID AND IS SECRETED WITH ADIPOCYTOKINES WHICH STARTS ACTING LIKE HORMONES OR CHEMICALS IN BODY

Basically the more fat you have, the more leptin is produced resulting in a decrease in appetite. (This is over years of time)
Why? Because when there’s an excess level in leptin, the brain stops responding to leptin and this is when you go over the high leptin levels and your appetite doesn’t decrease when there’s an increase in leptin. This will cause a dysregulation of adipocytokines having effect in various ways.

Question 6

What influence does the adipocytokines have?

Answer 6

FLIM

FOOD INTAKE
INSULIN SENSITIVITY
LIPID STORAGE
METABOLISM

Question 7

Complications of Obesity?

Answer 7

CV =
Hyperlipidemia increases atherosclerosis increasing CAD and PAD.
The increase of leptin will increase SNS and RAAS increasing BP.
Also vascular and coagulation activity is altered increasing thrombosis.

Musculoskeletal =
Decreased mobility and shifted centre of gravity = excess strain on back muscles, tendons, ligaments = back pain.
Increased pressure in joints = micro trauma = osteoarthritis

Endocrine/metabolic =
Insulin resistance = diabetes

Question 8

Management of obesity?

Answer 8

Dietary changes
Increase physical activity
Behavioural therapy
Last resort = pharmacotherapy and surgery