Shipping Regulations Flashcards
provide 2 examples of where CSM is used?
Lubricating oil analysis
This programme could be used on the steering gear machinery. Samples of the lubricant within the system would be sent for analysis on a regular, three monthly basis to detect contaminants, wear particles, and oil characteristics, such as viscosity. These results will indicate the quality of the oil, and the presence of any internal wear. Based on these results, an internal inspection of the steering gear should be wavered, and only an operational test be required at the survey date.
Performance monitoring
This programme could be used on auxiliary diesel engines. The operational parameters of the engine, such as exhaust temperatures, lubricating oil pressures, engine load, boost air pressure, etc, etc, would be recorded under steady state conditions. These sets of recent readings would be compared with those taken when the machine was new, or in a known good operating condition. Based on these results the internal inspection of the engine components would be wavered.
Explain what is meant by Continuous Survey of Machinery or CSM?
Classification Societies with International Association of Classification Societies or IACS such as LR, ABS, GL, DnV, BV, etc require that all machinery under their rules must be surveyed every five years. CSM -its a program approved by the classfication socities in which the chief engineer is responsible for opening up and carrying out
inspections on certain items in the machinery listed on the survey status. The chief engineer must make survey reports with the required supporting documents and photos detailing how the survey was carried out and any issues that have occured with the machinery and or machinery space an then this is presented to the surveyour for validation. records are therefore kept
so that they then may be inspected by the surveyor at the next annual survey. The Chief Engineer will be instructed by Class that he is eligible to undertake these surveys on Class’s behalf, and the specific items he can and cannot survey.
What are the appropriate regulations and/or safety practices relating to the
following? (4 marks each)
a) Grinding wheels;
b) Rotating machinery;
c) Safety Clothing and Footwear;
d) Prevention of skin reactions
a) Grinding wheels are covered by PUWER 98. Also covered by the HSE through the 2000 Abrasive Wheels Act and Abrasive Wheels Regulations 1970. In addition to looking at essential training needs, the guide also focuses on details such as: wheel characteristics; safety in grinding machine operations; wheel mounting procedures and issues; guards; extra considerations for portable or hand-held grinders; and protective equipment requirements. Use only manufacture stated grinding wheels, use machinery only if trained, and use all guards and protective equipment.
b) Rotating machinery is also covered by HSE and by PUWER regulations 1998. As well as The Supply of Machinery (safety) Regulations 1992. Use only well-maintained equipment, use protective guards, report all deficiencies within the plant, and only use if trained to do so.
PUWER requires that equipment provided for use at work is:
* suitable for the intended use
* safe for use, maintained in a safe condition and inspected to ensure it is correctly installed and does not subsequently deteriorate
* used only by people who have received adequate information, instruction, and training
* accompanied by suitable health and safety measures, such as protective devices and controls. These will normally include guarding, emergency stop devices, adequate means of isolation from sources of power, clearly visible markings, and warning devices.
c) Safety Clothing and Footwear is covered by PPE at Work Regulations 1992 and HSE. Wear all equipment as directed, use of approved and serviceable items only. PPE is equipment that will protect the user against health or safety risks at work. It can include items such as safety helmets, gloves, eye protection, high-visibility clothing, safety footwear, and safety harnesses.
d) Prevention of skin reactions is covered by COSHH. COSHH regulations 2002. Use of protective clothing, limiting exposure, and use of barrier creams. COSHH is the law that requires employers to control substances that are hazardous to health. You can prevent or reduce workers’ exposure to hazardous substances by:
* Find out what the health hazards are.
* deciding how to prevent harm to health (risk assessment).
* providing control measures to reduce harm to health.
* making sure they are used.
* keeping all control measures in good working order.
* providing information, instruction, and training for employees and others.
* providing monitoring and health surveillance in appropriate cases.
* planning for emergencies
State the Marpol regulations for pumping engine room bilges in special areas.
For pumping engine room bilges in special areas, Marpol annex 1 regulation states that any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from ships of 400GT and above shall be prohibited except when all of the following conditions are satisfied:
- The ship is proceeding on route.
- The oily water mixture is processed through an approved oil filtering equipment.
- The oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15ppm.
- The oily mixture does not originate from cargo pump-room bilges on oil tankers; and
- The oily mixture, in case of oil tankers, is not mixed with oil cargo residues.
- In respect of the Antarctic area, any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from any ship shall be prohibited.
- The vessel must be underway at a speed of more than 4 knots.
- The bilge water must pass through an approved oil water separator with an oil content monitor and alarm.
- Only engine room bilges are allowed to be pumped.
- The OWS must automatically stop discharge upon 15ppm or more alarm sounding and recirculate.
- Automatic logging of the vessel position and stop of the OWS via vessel GPS.
- The oil record book must be filled in with the correct details.
a) State the regulations that make each ship responsible for the prevention of pollution at sea and in port.
b) Name the equipment that must be used in machinery spaces to comply with Annex 1 of the regulations stated in Q a)
a) MARPOL: Annex 1
b) Oily Water Separator
With reference to the prevention of pollution at sea regulation, explain each of the following:
a) Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP); (8)
b) Oil Record Book. (8)
a) SOPEP is a set of guidelines provided under MARPOL annex I, to help deal with oil pollution incidents. Oil tankers of 150GT and above and every other ship other than an oil tanker of 400GT and above shall carry on board a SOPEP approved by the Administration. It provides information to the Master or any other person in-charge on how to react in case of an oil spill to prevent or at least mitigate the negative effects on the environment. The plan contains operation aspects for various oil spill scenarios and lists communication information to be used in case of such incidents. An approved code of practice, for the instruction of ship’s crew, officers, and master of the methods to prevent the escape of oil and minimise the damaging effects caused by an escape of oil within the marine environment. The safe and effective collection and recovery of escaped oil. The procedures and practices to be followed to contain and prevent the spread of an oil spill. The procedures and bodies that should be informed including the details which should be given them relating to the disaster.
b) A document that may be used in the court of law, for the accurate record keeping of oil and oil products on board ship including bilge water discharges. To be filled out after every fuel transfer operation including bunkering, the disposal of waste oil to a shore facility. The discharge of bilge water via an oily water separator and the incineration of oily wastes and sludge. To be maintained regularly, fully up to date, accurate and signed by both master and chief engineer. An ORB is a legal document covered under MARPOL Annex I, which is both used for proof and protection, covering oil related operations on board. Oil tankers of 150GT and above shall be provided with an ORB part I (Machinery space operations) and part II (Cargo/Ballast operation). Every other ship of 400GT and above other than an oil tanker shall be provided with an ORB part I.
With reference to the regulations relating to the pollution of the seas with oil, explain EACH of the following:
(i) The purpose of the oil record book; (6)
(ii) The action to be taken in the event of an oil spillage; (6)
(iii) How the bilge water overboard discharge is monitored. (4)
i.) A document that may be used in the court of law, for the accurate record keeping of oil and oil products on board ship including bilge water discharges. To be filled out after every fuel transfer operation including bunkering, the disposal of waste oil to a shore facility. The discharge of bilge water via an oily water separator and the incineration of oily wastes and sludge. To be maintained regularly, fully up to date, accurate and signed by both master and chief engineer. An ORB is a legal document covered under MARPOL Annex I, which is both used for proof and protection, covering oil related operations on board. Oil tankers of 150GT and above shall be provided with an ORB part I (Machinery space operations) and part II (Cargo/Ballast operation). Every other ship of 400GT and above other than an oil tanker shall be provided with an ORB part I. To record all fuel oil transfers. To record all bilge water discharge, quantities, and locations. To ensure vessel complies with MARPOL: Annex 1.
b) The actions required in the event of an oil spillage are:
* Alert crew members.
* Stop spill source if possible and start exercising measures to minimise the escape of oil and threat to the marine environment (SOPEP-oriented procedures).
* Report the incident.
* Carry out further spill assessment and monitoring
Stop all pumping operations and sound all tanks. Stop the vessel and report spill to authorities. Maintain and contain the spill to the best of your ability with the aid of floating booms. Collect and as much oil as possible.
c) Through an oil content meter fitted on an approved oil water separator. On ships of 400GT and above but less than 10,000GT, bilge water overboard discharge is monitored by an approved oil filtering equipment, which ensures a discharge content not exceeding 15ppm. For ships of 10,000GT and above, the oil filtering equipment must be provided with alarm and automatic cut-off arrangements to indicate and stop discharge when the oil content of the effluent exceeds 15ppm.
a) Name the International Convention that regulates the prevention of oil pollution at sea. (4)
b) Describe how oily water from machinery space bilges is treated to ensure that the discharge complies with the convention mentioned in Q a). (10)
c) State the legal document that is required to comply with the convention
mentioned in Q c). (2)
a) MARPOL: Annex 1. This Marpol protocol was adopted on 2nd October 1983 to prevent oil discharge or oily mixtures from ships intentionally or accidentally. It comprises 11 chapters which together contain 47 Regulations. It was brought about due to a spate of tanker accidents.
MARPOL is the name of the International Convention that regulates the prevention of oil pollution at sea. It gives standards for stowing, handling, shipping, and transferring toxic waste. Also, it lays down rules regarding the disposal of ship-generated hazardous waste like cleaning agents and cargo hold washing water. came into force in 1973 and was later revised by the protocol in 1978, ensures that shipping remains the least environmentally damaging mode of transport. It ensures that the marine environment is preserved by the elimination of pollution by all harmful substances discharged from the ship. This marine environmental convention consists of six implemented annexes with their appendix for controlling and eliminating marine pollution.
b) The main principle of operation works on gravity differential between oil and water. Generally, in an oily water mixture oil exists as a collection of small globules of varying size, the larger the higher rate of separation. The first stage is a coarse separating chamber, where oily water mixture flows over a series of baffle plates. Due to the movement of the fluid larger oil globules are filtered out and rise to the top where they collect and are discharged. Depending on the type of oil being separated, there will be heating coils in the first stage. The mixture leaves at around 100ppm and slows into the second chamber, where coalescent filters are used, which encourage the smaller remaining globules to join and increase the size. They rise to the top of the second chamber where they’re discharged, meanwhile the remaining oily water mixture is going through the second set of filters ready to be discharged at 15ppm or lower.
c) Oil Record Book. Oil Record Book is the legal document that is required to comply with the convention mentioned.
a) State the operations which should be entered in the Oil Record Book of ALL ships. (12)
b) State the conditions which must be complied with for the discharge of oily
water from machinery spaces. (4)
a.) * All oil transfers on board ship.
* All oil bunker operations.
* All discharges of bilge water.
* All discharges of oily waste to shore facilities.
* All disposal operations of waste oil via incineration.
* Ballasting or cleaning of oil fuel tanks
* Discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water from oil fuel tanks
* Collection and disposal of oil residues and sludge
* Discharge and disposal of bilge water that has accumulated in machinery spaces.
* Bunkering of fuel or bulk lubricating oil
- Ballasting or cleaning of fuel oil tanks.
- Discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water from oil fuel tanks.
- Collection and disposal of oil residues (sludge).
- Discharge overboard of machinery space bilge water.
- Bunkering of fuel.
- Bunkering of bulk lubricating oil.
- Any failure of the oil filtering equipment
b.) The vessel must be underway at more than 4 knots on-passage and more than 12 miles offshore. the ship is proceeding on route.
The bilge water oil content must be less than 15PPM and be passed through an approved oily water separator.
the oily mixture is processed through an oil filtering equipment meeting the requirements of regulation 14 of this Annex.
the oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15 parts per million.
the oily mixture does not originate from cargo pump-room bilges on oil tankers; and .5 the oily mixture, in case of oil tankers, is not mixed with oil cargo residues.
a) State the entries necessary in the Oil Record Book when discharging bilge
water at sea.
b) State FOUR precautions taken prior to taking bunkers.
a.) The location of discharge when started and then when stopped.
Quantity of bilge water discharged.
Time of discharge start and stop.
Identity of tank(s).
Tank capacity in m3
Total quantity of retention in m3
Quantity of residue collected by manual operation in m3.
Quantity discharged in m3.
Ships speed during discharge.
Method of discharge, e.g., through approved OWS.
Type and quantity of bunker
Time and place of bunkering
b) Receiving tanks have sufficient space for bunkered oil.
SOPEP equipment is at the ready.
No smoking sign is at bunker station.
Scuppers are closed.
State, with reasons, four principle requirements for maintaining records onboard ships.
- Legal requirements – Required by law and very important in legal disputes. Ensuring Legal Compliance with Flag, Class, and Maritime legislations.
- Operational /maintenance requirements – These provide the engineer with important machinery/system historical, which can be crucial for fault finding and correction, for deciding maintenance issues and many other operation-related issues.
- Protection issues/requirements – Very important in legal disputes; it acts as proof that the vessel is following laid down maritime rules and regulations.
Ensuring that all practices carried out following approved methods. And records are held for reference of company and ships staff.
Outline the function of each of the following:
a) International Maritime Organisation (IMO);(4)
b) International Safety Management Code (ISM); (6)
c) Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). (6)
d) Standards of Training Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW)
a) The IMO is a specialized agency of the United Nations. Its function is to develop and maintain a comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping and its remit today includes safety, environmental concerns, legal matters, technical co-operation, maritime security, and the efficiency of shipping. develop and maintain a comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping internationally. responsible for measures to improve the safety and security of international shipping and to prevent marine pollution from ships. The IMO sets standards for the safety and security of international shipping.
b) The ISM Code means the International Management Code for the safe operation of ships and for pollution prevention. Its objectives are to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of damage to the environment and to the ship. In order to comply with the ISM Code, each “ship class” must have a working SMS. Setting minimum standards throughout shipping flag-states in order to ensure safety at sea, to prevent human injury or loss of life and avoid damage to the environment and ships.
The purpose of the ISM Code is to provide an international standard for:
- The safe management of ships.
- The safe operation of ships.
- The prevention of Pollution.
It Recognises that no two shipping companies or shipowners are the same, and that ships operate under a wide range of different conditions, the Code is based on general principles and objectives, which include assessment of all identified risks to one Company’s ships, personnel and the environment and establishment of appropriate safeguards.
The objectives of the ISM Code are;
- To ensure Safety at Sea and the prevention of human injury or loss of life.
- To avoid damage to the environment, in particular the marine environment and to property.
To support the codes objectives the safety management objectives of the company must include processes that:
- Provide for safe practices in ship operation and a safe working environment
- Establish safeguards against all identified risks to its ships, personnel and the environment.
- Continuously improve safety-management skills of personnel ashore and aboard ships
c) The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) is an international maritime safety treaty. The main objective of the SOLAS Convention is to specify minimum standards for the construction, equipment, and safe operation of ships. Setting the requirement of flag-states to ensure that all vessels meet the minimum safe standards, within construction, equipment, and operation. The main objective of the SOLAS Convention is to specify minimum standards for the construction, equipment and operation of ships, compatible with their safety. Flag States are responsible for ensuring that ships under their flag comply with its requirements, and a number of certificates are prescribed in the Convention as proof that this has been done. Control provisions also allow Contracting Governments to inspect ships of other Contracting States if there are clear grounds for believing that the ship and its equipment do not substantially comply with the requirements of the Convention - this procedure is known as port State control.
d) The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (or STCW), sets qualification standards for masters, officers, and watch personnel on seagoing merchant ships. It seeks to establish a baseline standard for the training and education of seafarers throughout the world by placing an emphasis on quality control and competence-based training. Setting an internationally harmonised minimum standard of safety training for all officers, crew and watch keeping persons of commercial ships
a) List the three types of “notice” issued by the Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) to disseminate information to ship owners and seafarers and define the
importance and relevance of each one.
b) Describe the function of the Merchant Shipping and Fishing Vessels (Healthy & Safety at Work) Regulations.
MSN = Merchant Shipping Notices convey mandatory information that must be complied with under UK legislation. These MSNs relate to Statutory Instruments and contain the technical detail of such regulations.
MGN = Marine Guidance Notices give significant advice and guidance relating to the improvement of the safety of shipping and of life at sea, and to prevent or minimise pollution from shipping.
MIN = Marine Information Notices are intended for a more limited audience e.g., training establishments or equipment manufacturers, or contain information which will only be of use for a short period of time, such as timetables for MCA examinations
b) The Merchant Shipping and Fishing Vessels (Healthy & Safety at Work) Regulations define the fundamental structure and authority for the encouragement, regulation and enforcement of health, safety and welfare on Merchant Shipping and Fishing Vessels, within the UK. Includes measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at sea. Owners must also ensure their crews follow safe working practices and that all equipment on board is properly installed and maintained.
Its objectives are:
- Securing the health, safety, and welfare of persons at work.
- Protecting persons, other than persons at work, against risks to health or safety arising out or in connection with the activities of persons at work.
- Controlling the keeping and use of explosive or highly flammable or otherwise dangerous substances, and generally preventing the unlawful acquisition, possession, and use of such substances.
a) Describe the purpose of each of the following publications issued by the
Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA):
(i) Merchant Shipping Notices (MSNs) (4)
(ii) Marine Guidance Notes (MGNs) (4)
(iii) Marine Information Notes (MINs) (4)
b) State how it can be determined that such MCA publications have been
superseded or cancelled. (4)
a.) (i) Merchant Shipping Notices convey mandatory information that must be complied with under UK legislation. These MSNs relate to Statutory Instruments and contain the technical detail of such regulations. Merchant Shipping Notices must be complied with under UK law.
(ii) Marine Guidance Notes give significant advice and guidance relating to the improvement of the safety of shipping and of life at sea, and to prevent or minimise pollution from shipping. Marine Guidance Notices provide significant detailed information related to the improvement of safety at sea.
(iii) Marine Information Notes are intended for a more limited audience e.g., training establishments or equipment manufacturers, or contain information which will only be of use for a short period of time, such as timetables for MCA examinations. Marine Information Notices are the least importance, relating to companies, training companies, overall.
b) It can be determined that such MCA publications have been superseded or cancelled from particulars updated/modified notices on the same subject. Additionally, it can also be determined by checking the historic record of current/active notices, through the MCA website. By the release of a M notice via email or other means.
a) State four engine room records that are kept. (4)
b) State why the records stated in Q a) are important. (8)
c) State the frequency of updating the records stated in Q a). (4)
a) * Engine room logbook.
* Oil record book.
* Garbage record book
* Seal log.
b) * Provide the engineer with important machinery/system historical, which can be crucial for fault finding and correction; for deciding maintenance issues and many other operation-related issues.
* These records are required by law and are very important in legal disputes; it acts as proof that the vessel is following maritime rules and regulations.
recorded values and information of the propulsion plant and all other machinery in the Machinery Spaces are recorder in ER logbook. These are used as a reference, to compare and record data to assess the ongoing performance of different engine room machinery. The logbook entries are very important during machinery breakdown and accidents are also taken as reference or evidence by the insurance company, surveyor etc. We ensure we are I compliance with any ECA limits in a separate log or possibly in the Main engine log.
c) The records mentioned in Q1 a) are to be updated on an operation-execution basis. For example, a “seal log” entry would be made any time a seal was removed or changed for a new one. Likewise, an “oil record book” would be updated when any related-operation was carried out; the Garbage record book would be updated when any garbage related operation was carried out and the Engine room logbook, due to its many entry fields, is to be updated on a daily basis (sometimes even on a watch basis – every 4 hours.
