Shetty's review questions pt 2 Flashcards
The lymphatic system consists of all the following except:
A) blood
B) lymph nodes
C) lymphatic vessels
D) lymph
A) blood
Which of the following applies to the thoracic duct?
A) it drains the entire body above the diaphragm
B) it empties its contents into the subclavian vein
C) it carries blood into the lymphatic system
D) it arises in the vessels of the brain
B) it empties its contents into the subclavian vein
Lymphatic capillaries resemble blood capillaries because lymphatic capillaries
A) have the same permeability as blood capillaries
B) lead to the vena cava
C) have a lining of endothelium
D) are thick-walled tubes
C) have a lining of endothelium
The fluid that passes through the lymphatic vessels
A) Flows toward the lungs
B) Passes from the lymphatic vessels into the arteries
C) Enters the left ventricle of the heart through the right thoracic duct
D) Moves in a single direction toward the heart
D) Moves in a single direction toward the heart
The t-lymphocytes and b-lymphocytes are the major cells of the
A) Lymph nodes
B) Lymphatic vessels
C) Adrenal gland
D) Thymus
A) Lymph nodes
Lymph nodes may be located in the human body in the tissues of the
A) stomach and brain
B) groin and neck
C) Oventricle and atrium
D) thyroid gland and adrenal gland
B) groin and neck
The movement of fluid through the lymphatic vessels is assisted by
A) pressure from the right ventricle
B) pressure of contracting skeletal muscles
C) movement of phagocytes such as macrophages
D) movement of red blood cells
B) pressure of contracting skeletal muscles
Those lymphatic vessels that are rich in fat
A) are found only in the brain
B) are known as lacteals
C) enter the left atrium of the heart
D) are found only within the spleen
B) are known as lacteals
Which of the following is not likely to be found in the lymph?
A) red blood cells
B) protein molecules
C) microorganisms
D) macrophages
A) red blood cells
All the following functions are associated with the spleen except
A) it provides a filtration system for blood
B) it is the site of red blood cell breakdown
C) it is a storage depot for blood
D) it is the major site of white blood cell formation
D) it is the major site of white blood cell formation
The lymphokines secreted by cytotoxic t-lymphocytes increase the activity of
A) red blood cells
B) brain cells
C) macrophages
D) b-lymphocytes
D) b-lymphocytes
Where is the thymus gland located?
A. Lower part of the mediastinum
B. Upper part of the mediastinum
C. Behind the mediastinum
D. In front of the mediastinum
A. Lower part of the mediastinum
Where is the spleen situated?
A. Abdominal cavity
B. Pelvic cavity
C. In the neck
D. Git
A. Abdominal cavity
What is the function of the lymphatic system
A. Immunity
B. Transports lipids from GIT to the blood
C. Drains excess interstitial fluid
D. All of the above
B. Transports lipids from GIT to the blood
Why lymphatic nodules are not known as lymphatic organs?
A. Because they are less in number
B. Due to their small size
C Lacks the surrounding capsule
D. Both b and c
D. Both b and c
Submandibular lymph glands are present under………
(a) Axilla
(b) Chin
(c) Chest
(d) Groins
(b) Chin
One of the following is not a lymphatic organ
(a) Pancreas
(b) Spleen
(c) Thymus
(d) Tonsils
(a) Pancreas
The lymphatic fluid returning from the small intestine is rich in
(a) Proteins
(b) Calcium
(c) Fats
(d) Phosphorus
(c) Fats
Spleen is called the “graveyard” of the…
(a) Erythrocytes
(b) Leucocytes
(c) Lymphocytes
(a) Erythrocytes
Lymphatic fluid is rich in
(a) Iron
(b) Antibodies
(c) Neutrophils
(d) Basophils
(b) Antibodies
The lymphatic fluid is
(a) Brownish
(b) Pinkish
(c) Colourless
(d) Bluish
(c) Colourless
The thoracic duct of the lymphatic system pours its contents into the
(a) Aorta
(b) Subclavian vein
(c) Internal jugular veins
(d) Right auricle
(b) Subclavian vein
The structures of the lymphatic system present in the intestine are called
(a) Mucosa
(b) Villi
(c) Chyle
(d) Lacteals
(d) Lacteals
The primary function of the lymph nodes in the production of
lymphocytes
lacteals are concerned with the absorption of
fats
The largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body?
spleen
Inflammation of lymphatic vessels is called as
lymphangitis
The largest vessel of the lymphatic system that pours its products into the left subclavian vessel is called
thoracic duct
Lymph is a fluid concerned with the______ of the body against external infection.
defense
The site of T cell maturation is the
thymus
An enlarged spleen is called_____ and the surgical removal of the spleen is called_____
Splenomegaly; Splenectomy
The term used for swollen lymph glands as a response to infection is called
lyphandenopathy
Along with the nervous system, the ______ system coordinates the various activities of body parts.
A) digestive
B) endocrine
C) circulatory
D) respiratory
B) endocrine
______ are chemical messengers that are produced in one body region but affect a different body region.
A) Enzymes
B) Endocrines
C) Neurotransmitters
E) Hormones
E) Hormones
The endocrine system is quicker than the nervous system.
A) True
B) False
false
Certain cells respond to one hormone and not to another, depending on their receptors.
A) True
B) False
true
Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream for transport to target organs.
A) True
B) False
true
The pituitary is located beneath the thalamus in the brain.
A) True
B) False
true
The hypothalamus regulates ___________.
B) body temperature
C) water balance
D) glandular secretions
E) all of the above
E) all of the above
The pituitary gland is divided into two portions: the posterior pituitary and the anterior pituitary.
A) True
B) False
true
The posterior pituitary stores and secretes _________.
A. ADH and oxytocin
B. growth hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone
C. estrogen and testosterone
D. aldosterone and cortisone
A. ADH and oxytocin
ADH promotes the expulsion of water from the collecting duct, a portion of the nephron.
A) True
B) False
true
The function(s) of oxytocin is/are to ______________.
A) cause the uterus to contract
B) induce labor
C) stimulate the release of milk from the mother’s mammary glands when her baby is nursing.
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Hypothalamic releasing and release-inhibiting hormones are transported from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary by way of __________.
A) the general bloodstream
B) a portal system of blood vessels directly connecting the two organs
C) direct contact between the two organs
D) a cascade of release-inhibit-release-etc. interactions
B) a portal system of blood vessels directly connecting the two organs
GH promotes __________.
A) cell division
B) protein synthesis
C) bone growth
D) all of the above
all of the above
The parathyroid glands are located __________ .
A) below the thyroid, hence the name “para”
B) above the thyroid, hence the name “para”
C) imbedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
C) imbedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
If ______ is lacking in the diet, the thyroid gland enlarges, producing a goiter.
A) thyroxin
B) iron
C) iodine
D) calcium
iodine
Thyroxine and triiodothyronine, the thyroid hormones, do not have a specific target organ; instead, they stimulate most of the cells of the body to metabolize at a faster rate.
A) True
B) False
true
In addition to thyroxine and triiodothyronine, the thyroid gland produces ________.
A) TSH
B) ACTH
C) calcitonin
D) FSH
calcitonin
Calcitonin ____________.
A) regulates the calcium level in blood
B) is balanced by the action of parathyroid hormone
C) increases the deposit of calcium in bone
D) all of the above
all of the above
If insufficient PTH is produced, the blood calcium level drops, resulting in ______.
A) reduced growth in childhood or parathyroid dwarfism
B) tetany, where the body shakes from continuous muscle contraction due to lack of calcium storage in the muscle.
C) osteoporosis
D) blood clotting
B) tetany, where the body shakes from continuous muscle contraction due to lack of calcium storage in the muscle.
Calcium plays an important role in __________.
A) neural conduction
B) muscle contraction
C) blood clotting
D) all of the above
all of the above
The adrenal glands consist of _________.
A) the inner and outer layer of the kidney
B) the inner medulla and the outer cortex
C) lower adrenal and upper paradrenal sections
D) ACTH and BCTH sections
B) the inner medulla and the outer cortex
The adrenal medulla secretes ______ under conditions of stress.
A) norepinephrine
B) epinephrine
C) both of the above
all of the above
Cortisol is a ___________.
A) sex hormone
B) glucocorticoid
C) mineralocorticoid
B) glucocorticoid
ACTH controls the secretion of ___________.
A) cortisol
B) aldosterone
C) epinephrine
D) testosterone
cortisol
ACTH controls the secretions of the adrenal cortex, which includes cortisol.
Aldosterone regulates the blood sodium and potassium levels.
A) True
B) False
true
The primary target organ of aldosterone is _________.
A) the liver
B) the pancreas
C) the kidney
D) all of the above
kidney
The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine tissue.
A) True
B) False
true
The pancreatic islets produce __________.
A) insulin and glucagon
B) pancreatin
C) ACTH and aldosterone
D) pancreatic digestive enzymes
A) insulin and glucagon
Insulin functions to __________.
A) promote the storage of nutrients
B) lower the blood glucose level by stimulating liver, fat and muscle cells to metabolize glucose
C) stimulate uptake of glucose by cells
D) all of the above
all of the above
Glucagon increases the action of insulin.
A) True
B) False
true
The thymus aids the differentiation of ______ cells.
A) red blood
B) B
C) T
D) cancerous
T
The _________ produces the hormone melatonin.
A) pituitary gland
B) pineal gland
C) thyroid gland
D) pancreatic gland
pineal gland
Melatonin is involved with circadian rhythms.
A) True
B) False
true
All the following hormones are produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland except:
A) HGH
B) TSH
C) prolactin
D) insulin
insulin
The neurohypophysis is another name for the:
A) posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
B) medulla of the kidney
C) follicle that secretes estrogens
D) placenta
A) posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
In the female body, the luteinizing hormone:
A) stimulates TSH production
B)regulates mineral metabolism in the body
C) stimulates uterine contractions
D) acts to promote progesterone production
D) acts to promote progesterone production
The target tissue of ACTH is the:
A) thymus gland
B) medulla of the adrenal gland
C) cortex of the adrenal gland
D) beta cells of the pancreas
C) cortex of the adrenal gland
The hormone responsible for stimulating contractions of the uterus is known as:
A) insulin
B) UCH
C) glucagon
D) oxytocin
oxytoncin
The hormones of the adrenal glands complement the action of the:
A) sensory nervous system
B) central nervous system
C) sympathetic nervous system
D) external nervous system
C) sympathetic nervous system
The concentration of sodium and potassium ions in the blood and body fluid is regulated by hormones known as:
A) glucocorticoids
B) androgens
C) adrenergic hormones
D) mineralocorticoids
D) mineralocorticoids
Which hormone is administered to a person suffering from marked fall in blood pressure
A. Insulin
B. Adrenalin
C. Thyroxine
D. Vasopressin
Adrenalin
Sympathetic response. Adrenalin medullary hormone (epinephrine and nor epinephrine) have sympathetic stimulation). Increases rate of heart beat, CO, stroke volume, strength of heart contraction, breathing rate, metabolic rate and blood pressure.
- The renal system does not play a direct role in regulating which of the following?
Blood solute concentrations
Blood temperature
Blood pressure
Blood pH
blood temperature
- Which of the following anatomical portion of a nephron connects the Bowman’s capsule to the loop of Henle?
Distal convoluted tubule
Connecting tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Proximal convoluted tubule
- How many nephrons does the average adult human kidney contain (a nephron is the main functional unit of the kidney)?
Exactly 1
Roughly 100,000
Roughly 1,000,000
Roughly 1,000
Roughly 1,000,000
- Urine is formed in a three-step process: which of the following gives the correct order in which these steps take place in the nephron?
Tubular secretion, tubular reabsorption, glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion, glomerular filtration
Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion
Glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, tubular reabsorption
Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion
- Which of the following choices correctly traces the route of glomerular filtrate on its path to the collecting duct of a nephron?
Bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule, ascending loop of Henle, descending loop of Henle, distal tubule
Bowman’s capsule, distal tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, proximal tubule
Bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal tubule
proximal tubule, Bowman’s capsule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal tubule
Bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal tubule
The role of the kidneys includes:
a. regulation of H+ and HCO3- in the body
b. exerts some control over blood pressure
c. remove unwanted chemicals from the blood
d. all of the above
all of the above
The layer of the kidney that is a protective barrier against infections is the:
a. renal cortex
b. renal capsule
c. pyramids
d. adipose capsule
renal capsule
Of the following, where would you expect urine to be collected and move into the urinary bladder.
a. renal columns
b. juxtamedullary zone of the renal cortex
c. renal medulla
d. renal pelvis
renal pelvis
In order to form filtrate, blood flows from the glomeruli into:
a. Bowman’s capsule
b. the arcuate artery
c. a proximal convoluted tubule
d. the renal pyramids
a. Bowman’s capsule
Blood enters the kidney through the:
a. abdominal aorta
b. peritubular capillaries
c. renal artery
d. afferent arteriole
renal artery
Tubular reabsorption is responsible for retaining nutrients the body requires. Most tubular reabsorption occurs in the _______________ where microvilli, and their numerous carrier proteins, increase the surface area available for reabsorption.
A) distal convoluted tubule
B) proximal convoluted tubule
C) collecting ducts
D) nephron loop
B) proximal convoluted tubule
Within the renal tubule, two hormones play a role in determining the final volume and sodium concentration of the urine. The hormone _______________ regulates sodium reabsorption, while ________________ regulates water reabsorption.
A) aldosterone; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) cortisol; atrial natriuretic peptide
C) renin; angiotensin II
D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH); epinephrine
A) aldosterone; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Peristaltic muscular contractions are important for conveying urine through the excretory system, much like peristalsis in the digestive tract. Peristalsis of the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder is controlled by ______________.
A) conscious control of the skeletal muscle
B) sympathetic nervous impulses
C) parasympathetic nervous impulses
D) impulses from the cerebral cortex
C) parasympathetic nervous impulses
The ureter directly receives urine from the _____ of the kidney.
A) cortex
B) pelvis
C) medulla
D) pyramid
B) pelvis
