Sherpath Ch 45: Nutrition

Question 1

goals of nutrition-related nursing interventions

Answer 1

to promote optimal nutrition and reduce complications from nutritional deficiencies

Question 2

nutritional deficiencies that may occur in vegetarians

Answer 2

protein, iron, zinc

Question 3

potential nutritional deficiencies in vegans

Answer 3

protein, iron, calcium, zinc, vitamin b12

Question 4

examples of special diets and restrictions

Answer 4

NPO
Clear liquid
Full liquid
Pureed or blended
Mechanical soft
Thickened liquids
Regular, general, or diet as tolerated
Diabetic
Cardiac
Renal

Question 5

what does NPO mean?

Answer 5

nothing by mouth (nil per os)

Question 6

what would the provider prescribe for a patient with chewing or swallowing difficulties

Answer 6

pureed diet, mechanical soft food diet, or thickened liquids
The nurse will need to monitor for choking and aspiration.

Question 7

what is enteral feeding

Answer 7

is used to provide nutritional support for patients who have a functional gastrointestinal (GI) tract but cannot swallow, refuse to eat, or cannot take in enough nutrients orally to meet the body’s needs

Question 8

types of feeding tubes

Answer 8

-nasogastric tubes (NG):placed into the stomach through one of the nares and are used for short-term nutritional therapy and bowel decompression

-nasojejunal tubes (NJ):
placed through the nares but are fed into the jejunum, or midsection of the small intestine

-percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes (PEG): placed through an incision in the upper-left quadrant of the abdomen as a long-term nutritional solution

Question 9

process of administering medication via enteral tube

Answer 9

-Enteral tube placement is verified.
-The tube is flushed with a minimum of 15 mL of sterile water.
-Diluted medication is then allowed to flow into the tube by gravity or pushed in gently by plunger.
-The tube is flushed again with 15–30 mL of sterile water.
-Tube feeding may resume immediately, unless the contents would interfere with absorption of the medication

Question 10

what is total parental nutrition (TPN)

Answer 10

prescribed for patients who are unable to ingest, digest, or absorb essential nutrients through the digestive system. TPN provides nutrients to the body by infusion through the veins