ATI Ch. 39: Nutrition and Oral Hydration

Question 1

how does nutritional assessment help?

Answer 1

helps identify areas to modify, either through adding or avoiding specific nutrients or by increasing or decreasing caloric intake

Question 2

basic nutrients the body requires

Answer 2

-carbohydrates: provide most of the body’s energy and fiber
-fats: provide energy and vitamins
-vitamins: necessary for metabolism
-proteins: contribute to growth, maintenance and repair of the body
-minerals: complete essential biochemical reactions in the body (calcium, potassium, sodium, iron)
-water: critical for cell function and replaces fluids the body loses through perspiration, elimination, and respiration

Question 3

nutrition with newborns and infants

Answer 3

-breastmilk
-solid food starting at 6 months

Question 4

toddlers and preschoolers nutrition

Answer 4

-Toddlers and preschoolers need fewer calories per kg of weight than infants do.
-Toddlers and preschoolers need increased protein from sources other than milk.
-Calcium and phosphorus are important for bone health

Question 5

school age nutrition

Answer 5

School-age children need supervision to consume adequate protein and vitamins C and A.

Question 6

adolescents

Answer 6

Protein, calcium, iron, iodine, folic acid, and vitamin B needs are high.
Increased water consumption is important for active adolescents

Question 7

older adults nutrition

Answer 7

A slower metabolic rate requires fewer calories.
Thirst sensations diminish, increasing the risk for dehydration.

Question 8

obesity BMI

Answer 8

A BMI of 25 is the upper boundary of a healthy weight, 25 to 29.9 is overweight, and 30 or greater is obese

Question 9

NPO

Answer 9

nil per os
-no food or fluid at all by mouth, not even ice chips, requiring a provider’s prescription before resuming oral intake

Question 10

clear liquid vs full liquid

Answer 10

Clear liquid: liquids that leave little residue (clear fruit juices, gelatin, broth)
Full liquid: clear liquids plus liquid dairy products and all juices. Some facilities include pureed vegetables in a full liquid diet

Question 11

Parenteral nutrients

Answer 11

include lipids, electrolytes, minerals, vitamins, dextrose, and amino acids
-feedings via nasogastric, gastrostomy, or jejunostomy tubes.