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Liv vet med yr1 > Sheep husbandry > Flashcards

Sheep husbandry Flashcards

1
Q

Carcass bruising

A
  • Wool grabbing
  • Getting trampled
  • Sharp objects
  • Injection site reactions
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2
Q

Wool quality

A

Fineness of staple measured in microns
- Fine < 24 microns
- Medium: 25-35 microns
- Coarse: 35-50 microns

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3
Q

How to increase flock performance

A
  • Higher scanning %
    • More lambs born
    • More lambs reared
  • Higher lamb weights
    • Higher price achieved
  • Less store lambs
  • Lower feed cost
  • Lower fixed + variable costs
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4
Q

Short keep store lambs

A

Winter finished - lambs are 5-7 kg off target weight
- Rape, turnips, beet tops etc
- 70-130g daily liveweight gain
- 25-50 lambs/ha

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5
Q

Medium/long-keep store lambs

A

8-12 week store period on grass/stubbles - 5-60 DLWG

8-12 week finishing on root/arable byproducts - 75-100g DLWG

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6
Q

Target finish weight of a lamb

A

1/4 of sire + dam weight

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7
Q

Pregnant ewe energy requirements

A

Voluntary intake
- Max. 3% of bodyweight = 2.1 kg dry matter
Requirement (twin bearing)
- Maintenance/mid pregnancy: 10 MJ
- 4 weeks pre-partum: 15 MJ
- Lambing: 20 MJ

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8
Q

Energy value of feed

A
  • Hay: 8 MJ/kg DM –> 2.5 kg DM
  • Concentrate: 12-13 MJ/kg DM –> 1.6 kg DM
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9
Q

Ensuring correct nutrition

A
  • Assess condition score
  • Scan for foetal numbers
  • Check teeth
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10
Q

Target body condition score

A

Hill:
- Tupping: 2.5
- Pregnant: 2
- Weaning: 2

Upland:
- Tupping: 3
- Pregnant: 2.5
- Weaning: 2

Lowland:
- Tupping: 3.5
- Pregnant: 3
- Weaning: 2.5

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11
Q

Lactating ewe

A

Peak lactation @ 4 weeks
- ME requirements: min 20MJ

Twin suckling = 30% more milk

Wean in time
- Body mobilisation + gain

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12
Q

Factors for hypomagnesaemia

A
  • Mainly lactating dam
  • No magnesium storage
  • Pasture/weather
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13
Q

Copper deficiency

A
  • Swayback, poor growth

Supplement by injection or oral

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14
Q

Cobalt deficiency

A
  • Pine, ill-thrift, scour

Supplement by mouth

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15
Q

Iodine deficiency

A
  • Goitre
  • Poor growth
  • Reduced fertility

Supplement with feed/salt licks

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16
Q

Vitamin E deficiency

A
  • Low vigour

Supplement feed

17
Q

Shearling

A

Sheep between its 1st and 2nd shearing

18
Q

Hogget

A
  • Young sheep slaughtered before permanent incisors erupt
  • Sheep between weaning and its first shearing
19
Q

Gimmer

A

Young female, between 1-2 years that has not born a lab

20
Q

Ram/ewe lamb

A

Male/female < 1 year

21
Q

Wether

A

Castrated male

22
Q

Tup

A

Uncastrated male usually used for breeding

23
Q

Draft ewe

A

Ewe too old for rough grazing, drafted out of the flock to move to better grazing on another farm

24
Q

2-tooth

A

Sheep with first pair of permanent incisors erupted

25
Q

Broken mouth

A

Adult that has lost some or all of its incisors

26
Q

Hefting

A

Combined instinct + copied behaviour in some breeds to stay in a small local area - so no fencing needed

27
Q

Stages of parturition

A

1:
- 6-12 hours
- Vulva relaxation
- Uterine contractions
- Cervix dilates
- Allantoic fluid
- Restless/separation from group

2:
-30 mins to an hour
- Abdominal straining
- Foetus through vagina
- Amnion breaks
- Lies down/strains/grunts

3:
- 3-4 hours
- Expulsion of foetal membranes

28
Q

When to intervene with parturition

A
  • Farm protocol?
  • Head or tail only
    >60 mins after water bag out without progress
  • Lamb not advanced for 15 mins
    >30 mins between lambs
  • Abnormal discharge
29
Q

Causes of abortion

A
  • Infectious
  • Stress
  • Placenta insufficiency
  • Metabolic problems
30
Q

Causes of stillborn lambs

A
  • Dystocia
  • Congenital abnormalities
31
Q

Actions for hypothermia

A

Temperature 37-39℃:
- Dry lamb –> stomach tube colostrum –> return to ewe –> monitor

Temperature <37℃ <6 hours old:
- Dry lamb –> warm up –> stomach tube colostrum –> return to ewe –> monitor

Temperature <37℃ >6 hours old + able to hold head:
- Dry lamb –> stomach tube colostrum –> warm up –> return to ewe –> monitor

Temperature <37℃ >6 hours old + unable to hold head:
- Dry lamb –> glucose i/p –> warm up –> feed –> return to ewe –> monitor

32
Q

Glucose i/p

A

10 ml per kg BW
20% solution
- Dilute solution 1:1 with boiled water

33
Q

Post partum losses

A
  • Hypoglycaemia
  • Watery mouth
34
Q

Hypoglycaemia

A

Starvation
- Mastitis
- Rejection/inexperience
- Multiple lambs
- Weak lamb

Exposure

Congenital abnormalities

35
Q

Watery mouth

A

E. coli –> endotacaemia

  • Oral infection
  • Predisposing factors
    • Poor hygiene
    • Inadequate colostrum
    • Large litter
    • Early castration
36
Q

Clinical signs of watery mouth

A
  • Normal at birth
  • Dull
  • Absent suck reflex
  • Salivation
  • Abomasal distension
  • GI status - retention of meconium
37
Q

Orphans

A

Fostering:
- Skinning
- Crates

Artificial rearing:
- Min. 15% of BW/24 hours

38
Q

Post partum losses (2-7 days)

A

Lamb dysentery - clostridium perfringens type B

Enteritis - Rotavirus/colibacillosis

Neonatal septicaemia - septic arthritis

Aspiration pneumonia - force feeding

Accident

Starvation - lack of milk, orf lesions

FMD

Liv vet med yr1 (14 decks)

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