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Animal Breeding > Sheep and Goats > Flashcards

Sheep and Goats Flashcards

1
Q

How many days post-tupping do you scan?

A

60-90

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2
Q

What % of lamb losses are within a few days of birth?

A

15%

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3
Q

What should BCS be when put to ram?

A

3-3.5

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4
Q

What BCS should ram be at tupping?

A

3.5-4

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5
Q

What should BCS be during lactation?

A

1.5-2

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6
Q

How long after lactation do ewes have to gain back BCS before tupping?

A

2-3 months

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7
Q

How many kg of lamb do you get per ewe?

A

10kg

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8
Q

What weight are lambs weaned at?

A

30kg

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9
Q

What weight are lambs finished at?

A

40kg

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10
Q

How long does it take to increase BCS by 0.5?

A

3 weeks

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11
Q

What level can you measure instead of doing BCS?

A

3-hydroxybutyrate

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12
Q

What level should 3-hydroxybutyrate levels be?

A

Below 1mM

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13
Q

What age should ewe lambs be bred?

A

7-9 months

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14
Q

Why should you feed ewe lambs separately?

A

Because they are only 60% of their adult weight

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15
Q

Which breeds show a summer anoestrus?

A

Most

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16
Q

How long is the oestrus cycle in a ewe?

A

16-17 days

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17
Q

How long is the oestrus cycle in a doe?

A

18-21 days

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18
Q

What must happen before oestradiol surge to induce oestrus in the ewe?

A

Priming with progesterone

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19
Q

What is the first ovulation of the season like?

A

Silent and short (6-8d)

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20
Q

When do more Northern sheep come into season?

A

Later

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21
Q

For how long do they show oestrus behaviour?

A

24-36 hours

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22
Q

What are two oestrus behaviours shown by a doe?

A

Tail wagging and flehmen

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23
Q

How many times is the ewe served naturally?

A

4 times

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24
Q

Why are the uterine horns long?

A

Because multiple foetuses

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25
Q

What colour is the corpus luteum often?

A

Red (corpus rubrum)

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26
Q

Which breeds are often used as teasers?

A

Dorset, Finn, Romanov

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27
Q

How long before tupping do you use melatonin to advance breeding?

A

2 months

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28
Q

How long after using a teaser ram does ovulation occur?

A

2-3 days

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29
Q

In the transitional period, by how much can a teaser ram advance ovulation?

A

2 weeks

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30
Q

For how long do you leave in a progesterone sponge?

A

12-14 days

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31
Q

How long after removing a progesterone sponge does oestrus occur?

A

1-2 days

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32
Q

Why do you give PMSG on removal of a progesterone sponge in the ewe?

A

Ewes in anoestrus will revert to this if mating fails

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33
Q

How long is gestation in the ewe?

A

147-148 days (5 months)

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34
Q

How long is gestation in the doe?

A

140-152 days

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35
Q

For how long does the ewe need the CL?

A

55-60 days

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36
Q

For how long does the doe need the CL?

A

Throughout

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37
Q

For how long does the cow need the CL?

A

For the first 150 and last 50 days

38
Q

How many placentomes does the ewe have?

A

60-80

39
Q

How many placentomes does the doe have?

A

160-200

40
Q

Which three hormones can be used to diagnose pregnancy?

A

Progesterone, PSPB, oestrone sulphate

41
Q

Which ultrasound mode is for fluid?

A

A

42
Q

Which ultrasound mode is transabdominal?

A

B

43
Q

Where do you do M mode ultrasound?

A

Cranially around udder

44
Q

Between which days can you do M mode ultrasound?

A

60-90

45
Q

Which frequency is a rectal probe used at?

A

7.5MHz (high)

46
Q

When would you use a rectal ultrasound probe?

A

If looking for follicles for AI/embryo transfer

47
Q

What are four signs of pseudopregnancy in the goat?

A

Pseudocyesis, hydrometra, mucometra, cloudburst

48
Q

What % of non-infectious infertility is pseudopregnancy responsible for in the goat?

A

10%

49
Q

Which kind of goats is pseudopregnancy common in?

A

Out of season or older

50
Q

How do you treat goat pseudopregnancy?

A

PGF2a

51
Q

What has actually happened in goat pseudopregnancy?

A

CL continues despite lack of pregnancy

52
Q

What is passed at term following a pseudopregnancy?

A

Mucoid fluid

53
Q

In which species is polled intersex syndrome common?

A

Goat

54
Q

What is the most common genotype in polled intersex syndrome?

A

Sex-reversed XX female

55
Q

What is the phenotype of a polled intersex goat with testes?

A

Male pesudohermaphrodite

56
Q

What is the phenotype of a polled intersex goat with ovaries?

A

Female pseudohermaphrodite

57
Q

What is fertility of polled intersex XY male goats like?

A

Infertile/subfertile

58
Q

How many days must the foetus be to be viable?

A

Over 140 days

59
Q

Over how long does pregnancy toxaemia develop?

A

24-48 hours

60
Q

What are the signs of pregnancy toxaemia?

A

Dull/depressed, BLIND, head-pressing, loose wool

61
Q

Which muscle types are affected in hypocalcaemia?

A

All

62
Q

What are symptoms of hypocalcaemia?

A

Depressed, weak, bloated, ruminal reflux

63
Q

How long before lambing should you vaccinate to ensure colostral antibodies?

A

4 weeks

64
Q

What 9 things should you vaccinate for?

A

Clostridia, pasteurella, erysipelas, chlamydia, toxoplasma, orf, blue tongue, foot rot, louping ill

65
Q

What causes Scald?

A

Fusobacter on pasture

66
Q

What causes footrot?

A

Fusobacter and Dichelobacter

67
Q

What % of rams are unsound?

A

3.5-10%, possibly up to 30%

68
Q

What age is puberty in rams?

A

5-6 months

69
Q

What % adult weight is puberty in rams?

A

50%

70
Q

What is seasonality like in rams?

A

Lowest out of ewe, doe, buck

71
Q

What two structures does the ram penis have?

A

Urethral process and tubercle

72
Q

Which accessory glands do the ram and bull have?

A

Bulbourethral, prostate, vesicular, ampullae

73
Q

What % body weight are testes?

A

0.5%

74
Q

What circumference are adult testes?

A

36cm

75
Q

What circumference are testes at puberty?

A

28cm

76
Q

At what age is peak ram fertility?

A

3-4 years

77
Q

At what age are rams culled?

A

6 years

78
Q

Where is the musk gland in the buck?

A

In front of the horn buds

79
Q

How can you deodorise the musk gland?

A

With hot iron

80
Q

How many ewes per ram if unsynchronised?

A

1 ram to 30-50 ewes

81
Q

How many ewes per ram if ram lamb?

A

1 ram to 15-25 ewes

82
Q

How many ewes per ram if fully synchronised?

A

1 ram to 10 ewes or less

83
Q

How much BCS do rams lose per week at tupping?

A

0.5

84
Q

What can cause staphylococcal dermatitis in rams?

A

Fighting

85
Q

How is the ram reproductive exam different to a bull?

A

No internal exam

86
Q

What are the testes and pampiniform plexus like on ultrasound?

A

Anechoic

87
Q

What is the epididymis like on ultrasound?

A

Lace curtains

88
Q

What causes scrotal mange?

A

Chorioptes ovis

89
Q

What reaction is seen during scrotal mange?

A

“Nibble reaction”

90
Q

Where do you aim the electroejaculator?

A

Ventral to stimulate lumbar sympathetic and sacral parasympathetic nerves

91
Q

How many times do you pulse the electroejaculator?

A

5s pulse, up to 3-4x

92
Q

How do you collect the semen in sheep?

A

In an artificial vagina

Animal Breeding (6 decks)

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