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Animal Breeding > Pigs > Flashcards

Pigs Flashcards

1
Q

What age is puberty in the sow?

A

5 months (150-180 days at 90-100kg)

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2
Q

How long is the sow oestrus cycle?

A

21 days

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3
Q

How long does oestrus last?

A

60 hours

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4
Q

Average how many per litter born alive?

A

12

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5
Q

What % loss from ovulation to birth?

A

50%

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6
Q

How long is gestation?

A

116 days

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7
Q

What season are sows fertile in the wild?

A

Late Autumn

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8
Q

What % of UK sows are outdoors?

A

40%

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9
Q

How long is lactation in the wild?

A

8 weeks +

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10
Q

How long is lactation commercially?

A

3-5 weeks

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11
Q

How long is the weaning to service interval?

A

5.5 days

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12
Q

How fast is cessation of lactation after weaning?

A

Rapid

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13
Q

How long after weaning is oestrus?

A

4-5 days

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14
Q

What is lifespan of a sow?

A

12 years

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15
Q

How many litters can a sow have?

A

20+

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16
Q

What is commercial lifespan of a sow?

A

4-5 years

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17
Q

How many litters can a commercial sow have?

A

8

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18
Q

Which parities are most productive?

A

3,4,5

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19
Q

Ideally what age should you breed a sow from?

A

7 months (220-240 days at 130-140kg)

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20
Q

What BCS should sows be at breeding?

A

3, with 20-24mm back fat

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21
Q

How many oestrus cycles should sow have had at breeding?

A

3 or 4

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22
Q

How does early puberty affect productive life?

A

Longer

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23
Q

What is annual replacement rate?

A

45%

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24
Q

What is parity replacement rate?

A

20%

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25
Q

How many served females should be a gilt?

A

2 out of every 10

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26
Q

What is “second litter drop syndrome”?

A

Perform worse second litter

27
Q

What are the “non-productive days”?

A

Weaning to conception

28
Q

What are “empty days”?

A

Farrowing to conception

29
Q

What is the minimum number of empty days?

A

32

30
Q

What is “litter scatter”?

A

% of litters of 8 or fewer

31
Q

Where does fertilisation occur?

A

Fallopian tubes

32
Q

Why do older sows get uneven piglets?

A

Uneven lactation due to gland damage

33
Q

What are two other problems in older sows?

A

Greater embryonic losses and higher pre-weaning mortality

34
Q

After how long is it considered irregular/late return?

A

After 21 days

35
Q

What two things can cause irregular/late return?

A

Loss of pregnancy/failure to observe heat

36
Q

What are two advantages of batch farrowing?

A

Increases cohort size and improves pig flow

37
Q

What are two disadvantages of batch farrowing?

A

Needs AI and reduced herd size

38
Q

What length batch is ideal?

A

3 - farrowing, weaning, serving

39
Q

What age is puberty in the boar?

A

8 months

40
Q

What age is fertility developed by in the boar?

A

10-12 months

41
Q

What pheremone does boar produce?

A

5-alpha androsterone

42
Q

How much semen do boars produce?

A

250ml

43
Q

What is boar:sow ratio if natural service indoors?

A

1:20

44
Q

What is boar:sow ratio if outdoors?

A

1:15

45
Q

What is Altrenogest?

A

Synthetic progesterone

46
Q

How many days do you treat with Altrenogest for?

A

18 days

47
Q

How long is oestrus after ALtrenogest treatment?

A

5-7 days

48
Q

Where is ejaculation in the sow?

A

Uterine due to cervical lock

49
Q

How does earlier on heat affect heat length?

A

Heat lasts longer

50
Q

How many ova are there at ovulation?

A

15-20+

51
Q

How long are the ova viable for?

A

8-10 hours

52
Q

How many hours before the end of standing oestrus is ovulation?

A

12 hours (2/3 through)

53
Q

How long until capacitation in sperm?

A

6 hours

54
Q

How long do sperm survive?

A

48 hours

55
Q

How long before ovulation should mating be?

A

8-10 hours

56
Q

How often should you serve during standing oestrus?

A

Every 24 hours during standing oestrus for 2-3 days

57
Q

When should you serve a late oestrus sow?

A

As soon as possible

58
Q

When is it crucial there is no mixing or stresses?

A

14-24 days

59
Q

How long is it best not to mix for?

A

30 days

60
Q

How long until implantation in the sow?

A

14-21 days

61
Q

What is frozen semen survival rate like?

A

Very low

62
Q

From what day can you ultrasound?

A

28 days

63
Q

What do you use amplitude ultrasound to look at?

A

Uterine arteries

Animal Breeding (6 decks)

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