Sheep and goat nutrition

Question 1

Cause of lamb dysentry

Answer 1

C perfringens type B

Question 2

Cause of struck

Answer 2

C perfringens type C

Question 3

Cause of pulpy kidney disease

Answer 3

C perfringens type D

Question 4

Cause of braxy

Answer 4

Clostridium septicum

Question 5

Cause of black disease

Answer 5

C novyi type D

Question 6

Cause of black leg

Answer 6

C chavouei

Question 7

Cause of tetanus

Answer 7

C tetani

Question 8

In a common multivalent vaccine for sheep what is combined with the clostridium strains

Answer 8

Mannheimia haemolytica

Question 9

What factor complicated multivalent vaccination against clostridia and mannheimia

Answer 9

Maternal antibody cover wanes at different points
> C lostridia at 3 months
> Mannheimia at 4 months

Question 10

What vaccines can be given to control abortion and what type are they

Answer 10

Toxoplasma
Chlamydophia (EAE)
= live attenuated

Question 11

How often should a toxoplasma vaccine (against abortion) be boosted

Answer 11

every6 months

Question 12

How often should EAE Vacinne (against abortion) be boosted

Answer 12

yearly

Question 13

What type of vaccine is used for orf

Answer 13

Live non-attenuated

Question 14

Level of resistance to different wormer drugs in sheep

Answer 14

Lots to benzimidazoles
Some to levamisole
Rarely with macrocyclic lactones (avermectin etc)

Question 15

What drugs to use for liver fluke

Answer 15

Triclabendazole = best since works against all stages
BUT don’t want to get resistance
- So if it’s OK to just kill older ones use closantel, nitroxinil

Question 16

Causative agent of footrot

Answer 16

Dichelobacter nodosus

Question 17

Cause of scald in sheep

Answer 17

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 18

Treating footrot/scald

Answer 18

In adults for both use long dose injectable Ab + spray Ab
In lambs for scald just spray with antibiotic

Question 19

When does tupping get done

Answer 19

~October

Question 20

How many rams do you need with synchronised oestrus ewes

Answer 20

1 per 10 ewes

Question 21

How many rams do you need with non-synchronised ewes

Answer 21

1 per 40-60 ewes

Question 22

What body condition score do we want on rams pre-tupping

Answer 22

4

Question 23

What body condition score do we want ewes pre tupping

Answer 23

3 or 3.5

Question 24

What age should we wean lambs

Answer 24

12 weeks; to allow ewe to recover body condition score in time for tupping and next pregnancy

Question 25

What trace element deficiency is assocaited with swayback

Answer 25

Copper

Question 26

What trace element deficiency is associated with poor condition

Answer 26

Cobalt

Question 27

What trace element deficiency is associated with white muscle disease

Answer 27

selenium

Question 28

In what stage of pregnancy is nutrition most important to control to avoid metabolic disease

Answer 28

Last 6-8 weeks

Question 29

What energy level should we be feeding ewes in last trimester

Answer 29

12ME/kg

Question 30

Two key agents in footrot in sheep

Answer 30

D nodosus
F necrophorum

Question 31

What metabolic profiling might we do of sheep before lambing

Answer 31

BHB levels; energy balance
Albumen: long term protein status
Urea

CHECK THIS

Question 32

What mineral deficiency should we be looking out for after lambing

Answer 32

Hypomagensaemia

Question 33

What is a normal replacement rate for ewes

Answer 33

20% per year

Question 34

How long to quarantine new stock

Answer 34

21 days

Question 35

How to do endoparasite control on new stock before entering flock

Answer 35

Levamisole and avermectins: then put on concrete for 48 hours
Triclabendazole for fluke

THEN TURN OUT ONTO DIRTY PASTURE

Also footbath twice in the 21 day period to control footrot and digital dermatitis