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Small Ruminants > Locomotor disorders in small ruminants > Flashcards

Locomotor disorders in small ruminants Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of lameness in sheep

A

= ‘scald’ Interdigital dermatitis

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2
Q

What is a toe granuloma caused by

A

= proliferation of highly vascularised connective tissue
Can be a response to excessive paring and exposure of the corium

May treat via surgery but potential for regrowth

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3
Q

Which antibiotic is in blue spray; useful long acting one

A

Oxytetracycline

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4
Q

What is the causative agent of interdigital dermaitits (scald)

A

Dichelobacter nodosus
Present with acute lameness and interdigital inflammation

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5
Q

What can happen when scald is left untreated

A

Can develop into footrot

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6
Q

How does footrot develop

A

With untreated interdigital dermatitis; some strains of D nodosus will produce proteases that liquefy horn and cause separation from underlying tissues (starts at heel)

Present with pain, foul discharge, down on knees

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7
Q

What are predisposing factors for footrot

A

High density and poor hygeine, wetness, untreated scald
+ breeds e.g Merino and Dorset horn

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8
Q

How can we protect against scald/footrot

A

Good hygiene
Vaccinate; FootVax = D nodosus vaccine
Quarantine
Foot bath use

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9
Q

What medication must we NOT use in sheep vaccinated against D nodosus

A

Moxidectin

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10
Q

What chemical options do we have for footbaths

A

1) Formalin: 3-5%
2) Copper sulfate: 5%
4) Zinc sulfat: 10% NB needs 2-3 mins contact time

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11
Q

What can be added to footbaths to increase the penetration of the chemicals

A

lauryl sulfate

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12
Q

Which bacteria species are involved in CODD syndrome (contagious ovine digital dermatitis)

A

Spirochaetes e.g Tremponemas
F necrophorum and D nodosus

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13
Q

When do we get more severe, progressive CODD

A

When there is pre-infection with scald and footrot

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14
Q

Treating CODD

A

ISOLATION IMPORTANT
- Very sensitivie to amoxycillin/penicillin
- Can give long acting macrolides but expensive

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15
Q

How does contagious ovine digital dermatitis spread

A

From sheep to sheep
And from cows to sheep

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16
Q

What is shelly hoof

A

White line disease in sheep

17
Q

WHat happens in white line disease

A

Get separation of wall horn from toe along white line (junction of wall and sole)
May relate to weakening by laminitis/diet

18
Q

What factors are involved in laminitis

A

Diet: high concentrates; sudden changes
Endotoxaemia: e.g from metritis, toxic mastitis

19
Q

How does a foot abscess occur

A

Via infection of distal interphalangeal joint e.g from trauma or infected white line
- Commonly involves: F necrophorum and T pyogenes
Get SEVERE non-weight bearing lameness, swollen foot, can squeeze pus out

20
Q

5 point plan to prevent lameness

A
  1. Cull repeatedly infected animals
  2. Quarantine new arrivals
  3. Treat clinical cases quickly
  4. Avoid spread at handling e.g on foot shears
  5. Vaccinate (for footrot = Footvax)
21
Q

How does joint ill present

A

Sudden onset lameness
Joints are hot, painful, swollen; mainly affects carpus/tarsus

22
Q

Treating joint ill

A

If not too bad: systemic antibiotics
Severe cases: joint flush or arthrotomy
Want to send for slaughter once withdrawal period over

23
Q

Causative agents of joint ill

A

MOST COMMON = Strep dysgalactiae
Also E coli, T pyogenes, S aureus, M haemolytica, F necrophorum
AND: erysipelothrix rusiopathie

24
Q

What is the cause of white muscle disease and which breeds are predisposed

A

= from Vit E and selenium deficiency
High growth meat breeds are prediposed e.g Texels, Suffolks

25
Q

Presentation of lamb with white muscle disease

A

(just after turnout usually)
Reluctant to move, poor growth, resp distress (when diaphragm affected), sudden death if heart affected

Bloods show elevated AST and CK (muscle injury)

PM: pale muscles with calcified striations, haemorrhages

26
Q

Why do we need to be careful not to overdose VitE/selenium

A

Can cause myocardial necrosis

27
Q

What do we measure as a proxy for selenium measures

A

Glutathion peroxidse

28
Q

Signs of erysipelothix infectoin

A

Fibrinous polyarthritis; lameness
+ osteomyelitis

In chornic condition: loss of condition; osteoarthritits, ankylosis

29
Q

What is the cause of tick pyaemia

A

Ehrlichia phagocytophila; via Ixodes Ricinis carriage

30
Q

What is strawberry foot

A

Lesion which is due to combination of Dermatophilus congolensis and orf virus
- Can be so haemorrhagic that animals are anaemic

31
Q

What is ‘red foot’

A

Autosomal recessive condition; epidermolysis bullosa

Small Ruminants (22 decks)

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