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Module 5 Week 1 > Sheep 2 > Flashcards

Sheep 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does sheep being seasonally polyoestrus mean?

A
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2
Q

Average cycle length in sheep

A

Every 17 days lasting 30 hours

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3
Q

How long is sheep pregnancy

A

144-150days

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4
Q

How long is weaning in sheep (physical separation of lambs from ewes happens naturally in sheep)

A

120 days

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5
Q

Average ewe replacement rate

A

20-25%

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6
Q

In sheep rate of Abortion should always be…

A

Below 2%

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7
Q

Describe the basi annual cycle of a sheep

A

Tupping 2.5-3.5 (body condition score) in Autumn—>
Scanning BCS 2-3, 70- 105 days—>
Lambing BCS 2-3, in spring time—>
Weaning BCS 2-2.5

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8
Q

What condition score should sheep have throughout the year

A

3-3.5

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9
Q

Ewes are more vulnerable during what time and why

A

Spring time During lambing they’re doing a lot more metabolic work so at higher risk of death

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10
Q

Basic sheep year

A

• Tup in the autumn
• Lamb in the spring (grass growth)
• Kill lambs in summer/autumn (before grass stops growing although in the UK over 25% of lambs are still on farm by the end of the year)

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11
Q

What are the variations in the system of lambing dates

A

Early lambing -pedigree breeders (breed as early as possible to get the biggest economic advantage as lamb will be bigger that way)
-for early lamb production

Late winter/spring- lambs finish June-January

Late spring -lambs finish late summer through to the following spring
-hill sheep
-easycare systems- lowland systems (gaining popularity)

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12
Q

What happens to flock razing requirements when selling lambs

A

They decline

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13
Q

What is the criteria for culling ewes

A

Select flock of ewes that are healthy-aim is to select ewes for retention that will deliver the maximum number of healthy, fast growing lambs for sale, with the fewest problems.

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14
Q

Culling occurs at what points of sheep year?

A

selected after weaning, scanning, or post lambing

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15
Q

What are the three T’s that farmers look at to see whether ewe should be culled or not

A

The three T’s: toes, teats & teeth
(Health problems, mastitis, lameness, teeth-incisors and molars)

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16
Q

What are the four T’s that farmers look at to see whether ewe should be culled or not
-what else is looked at?

A

Teeth, toes, tone (BCS 3.5-4.0), testicles (large & as firm as a flexed bicep)

Number- age of tup, breed, use of teasers, synchronisation, hill or lowland

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17
Q

The more inbred sheep are

A

The more inbreeding depression there will be

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18
Q

How can you help a ewe become more fertile and more foetuses growing

A

Increasing nutrition; minerals

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19
Q

What is teasing

A

When u have a vasectomised tup that goes out with ewes which brings forwards ewe breeding season by a cycle; lots of ewes lambing at same time- allows lambing period to be shorter and more impactful but need more staff etc.

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20
Q

What is a vesactomised tup

A
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21
Q

What is the danger of red clover
What does it contain that causes these problems?

A

Causes feminisation of males
Permanent reproductive tract
Abortion
Fatal

Contains oestrogenic chemical & high levels of copper so very digestible for sheep

22
Q

What is the danger withbrassicas

A

Contain goitrogens which prevent iodine uptake- means lambs wont suck the way they need to, have problems with Producing heat so will more easily die of hypothermia. contain S-methyl Cysteine sulphoxide which can cause haemolytic anaemia

23
Q

Why is it important to have an odd number of tups present with the ewes

A

1 could be ill/low fertility
2 are fighting
3 is minimum= 2 fighting and 1 working!

24
Q

What is riddle marker/keel paint

A

Paint gets marked onto ram and rubs off onto ewes bum so farmers know she has been mated

25
Q

Why are different colours used at different times

A

They are going through 2 cycles; if ewe has 2 colour of paint on her bum it means the tup mating has not worked the first time it got paint on it therefore can let farmer know

26
Q

Mid pregnancy scanning

A

Scan to see whether they’re pregnant or not

Optimally scan 70-105 days

Often housed around this time

27
Q

Housing advantages
-group size
What bedding is commonly used
-what happens to disease risks

A

Rest pasture- better spring grass growth Prevents poaching
Controlled feeding of ewes
Permits them to settle before lambing Better care at lambing time???
Usually bedded on straw, can use slats
Group size 30-40 ewes
Disease risks change- dont go up or down

28
Q

What is poaching

A

When ground gets wet and sheep destroy it with. Their hooves. Slows growth of grass which impacts sheep

29
Q

what point of pregnancy does nutrition need rise

A

Last 6-8weeks- late pregnancy

30
Q

Energy requirements of a Ewe
Normally
During late pregnancy
During peak lactation

A

8-11MJ
In a late pregnancy: 19MJ
In peak lactation: 30MJ

31
Q

What is trough space provided for ewe important for?

A

Too ensure each ewe in a group receives her share

32
Q

Minimum trough space requirements

A

Ad lib forage 12-15cm per ewe
Rationed concentrations 45cm/ewe

33
Q

Min causes of lambing losses

A

Abortion/ stillbirth
Weather/predation
Diseases
Mismothering- lamb and ewe didn’t get on
Lamb too small
Lamb too big
Abnormal- could be genetic,random
Delivered less lambs than scanned
Ewe died before/during lambing

34
Q

Potential growth of sheep is limited and influenced by…

A

Genetics. And influenced by intake of colostrum, and in utero nutrition

35
Q

Growth of sheep is largely determined by…

A

Ewe milk yield: 200-300g daily can be above 500g

36
Q

at what period does the lamb transition from milk to eating grass

A

Around 6 weeks

37
Q

As lambs get older, growth rate…

A

Drops

38
Q

PGE stands for…

A

Parasitic gastroenteritis

39
Q

To find density of animals Adult sheep need to be…

A

Double tagged- one has a microchip in it

40
Q

Ewe definition

A

Adult emale

41
Q

Ram/tup definition

A

Adult or working male

42
Q

Lamb definition

A

usually a sheep under 9-12 mths (may sometimes refer to a younger age limit)

43
Q

Hogg/hogget definition

A

(can be coupled with ram or ewe to indicate sex) young sheep 6-12 months old

44
Q

Gimmer definition

A

usually a female sheep 12-24 mths of age

45
Q

Shearling

A

usually a male sheep 12-24 months of age

46
Q

Draft ewe

A

ewe that has produced on the hill and is sold fit for breeding to farms on lower ground (with easier feeding)

47
Q

Cull definition

A

Animal sold for meat as it is no longer deemed fit to produce lambs

48
Q

Broken mouthed definition

A

the incisor teeth are not all present, they have either been lost or been worn away

49
Q

Closed flock definition

A

no live sheep bought in, all replacements homebred

50
Q

Open flock definition

A

replacements bought in on a regular basis

Module 5 Week 1 (14 decks)

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