Non-pregnant Reproductive Tract 2: Comparative Anatomy Of Female Tubular Reproductive Tract And Supporting Structures Flashcards
How is the tubular tract formed
Mullerian/paramesonephric ducts—> fuses caudally with urogenital sinus (remain separate cranially i.e the uterine tubes and uterine horns)
The way that the tubular tract fuses with urogenital sinus impacts…
Shape of uterus in each species
What structures is tubular tract composed of
uterine tubes, uterine horns, uterine body, cervix & vagina
Name the different tubular tracts and which species has which
Duplex- rabbits
Bipartite- main domestic species
Bicomuate-main domestic species
Simple-
Describe the structure of the duplex tubular tract
Paramsonephric ducts don’t fuse together until you reach level of vagina; gives you 2 uterine bodies which is why its called duplex
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Describe the structure of bipartite tubular tract
2 uterine/follopian tubes, 2 uterine horns and one single uterine body as the 2 uterine horns fuse together (fusion occurs on most distal part of ducts)
Describe the structure of bicomuate tubular tract
Whole of uterine body fused together so no septum
Describe the structure of simple tubular tract
2 uterine tubes but ducts fuse very proximal so uterine body very large
Label each tubular tract to which type it is called
Anki cards bro
Uterine tubes
-run what direction
-paired or not
-function
• Run from ovary to uterus
• Paired (left & right)
Function:
• Transports sperm proximally and ovum distally
3 parts of the uterine tubes and describe them
- Infundibulum- funnel shaped, Fimbriae catch ovulum. At ovulation
- Ampulla-short proximal section, site of fertilisation
- Isthmus-long, narrow & tortuous structure,opens into uterine horn at utero-tubal junction
The uterus
Uterine horn length in bitch, queen or sow
Uterine body length and difference between. It in bitch and sow
Very long up to 1.5m as they need to be spacious to accommodate for large number of embryos during pregnancy
Short uterine body-in bitch; short septum uterus, in sow; no septum uterus & sphincter at junction between horns and body which controls passage of material in and out uterine horns
Species that can carry multiple foetuses
Cow & ewe (sheep)
The uterus in cow
Relatively long uterine horns
-coiled like rams horns
-ovaries located close to cervix
Short body
Long septum uterus
Intercornual ligaments (found between the 2 horns and is useful during transrectal palpation as it allows us to tuck fingers underneath ligaments and pull uterus backwards.
-dorsal
-ventral
The uterus in ewe
Similar to cow but at a smaller scale
Uterine tubes can be pigmented
Mare uterus
Carries one single foetus so very short uterine horns and relatively long body without septum uterus
-T or Y shaped
Species that carry single foetus
Mares
Name the Histological wall layers of uterus
—Serosa/perimetrium->outer connective tissue layer, covers whole surface of uterus, allows blood vessels to go into uterine to enter and exit uterus
—Muscle/myometriuum-> 2 layers;
-thin outer longitudinal layer
-thick inner circular layer
-vascular CT between layers
—Mucosa/endometrium-> most internal layer, thrown up into longitudinal folds and is glandular
Functions of uterus
• Transport semen to from vagina to uterine tube
• Expel waste following mating
• Prepare for pregnancy
• Maintain pregnancy
• Expel foetus
Circulating ovarian hormones influences what layers of uterus and what it does
Muscular layer- changes tone of muscle
Mucosal layer- influence development of glands
Name the circulating hormones which influence functions of uterus
Oestrogen and progesterone
What are Caruncles
Located where
What animals are they found in
-Small bumps located all over surface of endometrium- in the lining of the uterus
-found in ruminants
-points of attachment for foetal membranes
In the ewe, the caruncles might be…
Pigmented
Difference in shape of caruncles in cow vs ewe
Cow- convex and slightly ovoid so look like tiny mushrooms
Ewe- concave and look more like doughnuts
(On anki)
