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Module 5 Week 1 > Non-pregnant Reproductive Tract 2: Comparative Anatomy Of Female Tubular Reproductive Tract And Supporting Structures > Flashcards

Non-pregnant Reproductive Tract 2: Comparative Anatomy Of Female Tubular Reproductive Tract And Supporting Structures Flashcards

1
Q

How is the tubular tract formed

A

Mullerian/paramesonephric ducts—> fuses caudally with urogenital sinus (remain separate cranially i.e the uterine tubes and uterine horns)

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2
Q

The way that the tubular tract fuses with urogenital sinus impacts…

A

Shape of uterus in each species

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3
Q

What structures is tubular tract composed of

A

uterine tubes, uterine horns, uterine body, cervix & vagina

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4
Q

Name the different tubular tracts and which species has which

A

Duplex- rabbits
Bipartite- main domestic species
Bicomuate-main domestic species
Simple-

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5
Q

Describe the structure of the duplex tubular tract

A

Paramsonephric ducts don’t fuse together until you reach level of vagina; gives you 2 uterine bodies which is why its called duplex

https://www.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.clevelandclinic.org%2F-%2Fscassets%2Fimages%2Forg%2Fhealth%2Farticles%2F23301-uterus-didelphys&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.clevelandclinic.org%2Fhealth%2Fdiseases%2F23301-uterus-didelphys&tbnid=AraDv3OYrD1frM&vet=10CA4QxiAoC2oXChMI6JGo_9P0_AIVAAAAAB0AAAAAEAc..i&docid=3q10-lbG_pIDAM&w=793&h=800&itg=1&q=duplex%20rabbit%20tubular%20tract&hl=en-gb&client=safari&ved=0CA4QxiAoC2oXChMI6JGo_9P0_AIVAAAAAB0AAAAAEAc

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6
Q

Describe the structure of bipartite tubular tract

A

2 uterine/follopian tubes, 2 uterine horns and one single uterine body as the 2 uterine horns fuse together (fusion occurs on most distal part of ducts)

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7
Q

Describe the structure of bicomuate tubular tract

A

Whole of uterine body fused together so no septum

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8
Q

Describe the structure of simple tubular tract

A

2 uterine tubes but ducts fuse very proximal so uterine body very large

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9
Q

Label each tubular tract to which type it is called

A

Anki cards bro

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10
Q

Uterine tubes
-run what direction
-paired or not
-function

A

• Run from ovary to uterus
• Paired (left & right)

Function:
• Transports sperm proximally and ovum distally

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11
Q

3 parts of the uterine tubes and describe them

A
  1. Infundibulum- funnel shaped, Fimbriae catch ovulum. At ovulation
  2. Ampulla-short proximal section, site of fertilisation
  3. Isthmus-long, narrow & tortuous structure,opens into uterine horn at utero-tubal junction
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12
Q

The uterus

Uterine horn length in bitch, queen or sow
Uterine body length and difference between. It in bitch and sow

A

Very long up to 1.5m as they need to be spacious to accommodate for large number of embryos during pregnancy
Short uterine body-in bitch; short septum uterus, in sow; no septum uterus & sphincter at junction between horns and body which controls passage of material in and out uterine horns

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13
Q

Species that can carry multiple foetuses

A

Cow & ewe (sheep)

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14
Q

The uterus in cow

A

Relatively long uterine horns
-coiled like rams horns
-ovaries located close to cervix

Short body

Long septum uterus

Intercornual ligaments (found between the 2 horns and is useful during transrectal palpation as it allows us to tuck fingers underneath ligaments and pull uterus backwards.
-dorsal
-ventral

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15
Q

The uterus in ewe

A

Similar to cow but at a smaller scale
Uterine tubes can be pigmented

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16
Q

Mare uterus

A

Carries one single foetus so very short uterine horns and relatively long body without septum uterus
-T or Y shaped

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17
Q

Species that carry single foetus

A

Mares

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18
Q

Name the Histological wall layers of uterus

A

—Serosa/perimetrium->outer connective tissue layer, covers whole surface of uterus, allows blood vessels to go into uterine to enter and exit uterus

—Muscle/myometriuum-> 2 layers;
-thin outer longitudinal layer
-thick inner circular layer
-vascular CT between layers

—Mucosa/endometrium-> most internal layer, thrown up into longitudinal folds and is glandular

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19
Q

Functions of uterus

A

• Transport semen to from vagina to uterine tube
• Expel waste following mating
• Prepare for pregnancy
• Maintain pregnancy
• Expel foetus

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20
Q

Circulating ovarian hormones influences what layers of uterus and what it does

A

Muscular layer- changes tone of muscle
Mucosal layer- influence development of glands

21
Q

Name the circulating hormones which influence functions of uterus

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

22
Q

What are Caruncles
Located where
What animals are they found in

A

-Small bumps located all over surface of endometrium- in the lining of the uterus
-found in ruminants
-points of attachment for foetal membranes

23
Q

In the ewe, the caruncles might be…

A

Pigmented

24
Q

Difference in shape of caruncles in cow vs ewe

A

Cow- convex and slightly ovoid so look like tiny mushrooms
Ewe- concave and look more like doughnuts

(On anki)

25
Q

Cervix function

A

Controls passage between uterus and vagina- importance during pregnancy as it acts as barrier to external world

26
Q

Why do we get ^ tone of cervix and sticky mucous during pregnancy

A

To prevent any pathogens from getting to uterus from vagina
-mucous to act as glue that shuts cervix together so helps prevent contamination

27
Q

Cervix is open or closed during these processes:
-oestrus
-Luteal phase & pregnancy
-parturition
-anoestrus

A
  1. Open- passage of semen in and debris out (reduced tone & lubricant mucous)
  2. Closed- prevents contamination (^ tone and sticky mucous)
  3. Open
  4. Inactive
28
Q

Cervix length in
-bitch
-mare
-cow
-sow

A
  1. 1cm
  2. 6cm
  3. 8-10cm
  4. 25cm
29
Q

Name the structural components of cervix

A

—Cervical canal- Longitudinal & annular folds in mucosa
—Internal os- opening into uterus
—External os- opening into vagina

30
Q

Visual examination of the cervix can be done using what?

A

A vaginoscope

31
Q

Using a vaginoscope, the external os opening of cervix looks like what? Why does it look like this?

A

Appears as a “rosette” caused by presence of mucosal folds

32
Q

What does the cervix look like through a vaginoscope during:
-oestrus
-Luteal phase

A
  1. Wilted rose
  2. Rose bud

(On anki)

33
Q

What is artificial insemination?

A

process of collecting sperm cells from a male animal and manually depositing them into the reproductive tract of a female.

34
Q

Artificial insemination in each animal

A

Do this bro

35
Q

Vagina
-runs from
-contains mucosal folds which makes vagina…
-epithelial mucosa affected by…

A

Runs from cervix to urethral orifice which makes it quite a long structure
Contains longitudinal mucosal folds which makes vagina distendible
Epithelial mucosa affected by ovarian hormones

36
Q

Vestibule
Runs from…

A

Runs from urethral orifice to vulva so quite short

37
Q

Urethral orifice in the bitch
-opening of…
-connected to…
-structure of it

A

Opening of the urethra (urinary system)
Connected to urinary bladder
Slightly raised above vestibular floor causing a depression on either side

38
Q

Vestibule
-contains
-homologous to…
-what disease is swabbed here

A

Contains clitora fossa
Homolegous to penis
Contagious equine metritis swabs taken here

39
Q

Vulva
-what is it
-formed by…
-shape varies depending on… but always contains opening called…

A

The external opening of female repro tract
Shared by urinary system
Formed by 2 skin covered folds called labia
Shape varies with species but always contains vertical opening called vulval cleft

40
Q

Appearance of vulva depends on…

A

Species and time of cycle that its at

41
Q

What does vulva look like during oestrus
-bitch
-cow
-mare

A
  1. Swollen
  2. ‘Bulling string’
  3. Eversion of clitoris/ ‘winking’
42
Q

Supporting structure of the reproductive tract

A

Broad ligament

43
Q

Broad ligament
-function
-formed by

A

Suspends tract from body wall
Formed by Left and right sheets of fibrous tissue

44
Q

The 3 areas of the broad ligament
-what does each area support

A

MESOVARIUM-supports ovary
MESOSALPHINX-fold of first one that supports the uterine tube
MESOMETRIUM-Supports uterus and cervix

45
Q

Mesosalphinx

A

Forms ovarian bursa
Fold of tissue that supports uterine tube
Shaped differently when looking at diff species

46
Q

Mesosalphinx in the:
-sow/cow
-mare
-bitch

A

1.Shallow & open
Implications during rectal palpation

2.Attached firmly to ovulation fossa

3.• Fat filled & encases ovary
• slit like opening
• Fimbriae of infundibulum visible
• Bursa & ovary removed at OVH
mare
sow
bitch

47
Q

Blood supply of repro tract
Name the 3 arteries

A

Ovarian Artery
Uterine artery
Vaginal artery

48
Q

Name the 4 peritoneal pouches

A

Para-rectal fossa
Genito-rectal pouch
Vesicles-genital pouch
Pubo-vesicle pouch

Module 5 Week 1 (14 decks)

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