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Module 5 Week 1 > Intro To Reproduction > Flashcards

Intro To Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Basics of reproduction
-essential/non essential for what
-the only system that differed between males and females

A

Essential for survival of species but not specifically animal

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2
Q

Female generates mature egg called…
-function in reproduction

A

Oocyte
-Receives germ cells from male
-Facilitates fertilisation, implantation
-Nurtures embryonic and fetal growth
-Deliver foetus
-Provide nourishment in early life

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3
Q

Male role of reproduction

A

Production of mature sperm for fertilisation

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4
Q

Name the parts of female sex organ

A

On anki cards repro

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5
Q

What organ controls the gonads of reproductive system

A

Brain (hypothalamus)—>controls activity of pituitary gland that release the hormones which activate gonads

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6
Q

What is the gonad

A

The part of the reproductive system that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testicle/testis)

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7
Q

Which hormone links the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland (regulates reproduction)

A

Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

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8
Q

What type of hormone is GnRH (Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone)?

A

decapeptide protein hormone

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9
Q

Size of decapeptide protein hormone and cleaved between what positions of amino acids?

A

Very small molecule
Between positions 6 & 7

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10
Q

Communication between the pituitary gland and the gonads is via which hormones

A

Luteinising Hormone
(LH) and
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

(Both are a type of gonadotropin hormone)

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11
Q

The LH and FSH are released from what lobe of pituitary gland?

A

Anterior pituitary

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12
Q

LH and FSH are both types of

A

Gonadotrophin hormones

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13
Q

Where is Hypothalamic pituitary system/ reproductive axis found?

A

Sits at base of brain

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14
Q

Name the structures of the hypothalamic-pituitary system and more structures

A

On anki cards repro

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15
Q

Posterior pituitary gland forms from….

A

Hypothalamus during foetal life
I.e anterior and posterior come from different structures

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16
Q

Which fluid is found in the hypothalamus?

A

Third ventricle cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

17
Q

What is the median eminence?
-where is it found

A

Structure at the base of hypothalamus
-critical area where hormones coming from hypothalamus are released to go into pituitary gland

(Neuro hemo organ containing capillary Bed into which hypothalamic neurosecretory fibres will release their hormones)

18
Q

Once hormones released into median eminence how are they transmitted to anterior pituitary?

A

Transmitted through blood vessels called hypophysial portal system (portal vessel)

19
Q

Location of the GnRH neurone cell bodies?
Where do they project their neurones to?

A

Found in preoptic area
Terminals of GnRH nerurones lie down at region called arcuate nucleus (the arch)

20
Q

Why are the GnRH hormones released first into portal vessels after being in median eminence and not transported straight to bloodstream?

A

Have very short half life so have to released somewhere near to quickly get degraded and activated

21
Q

The GnRH release pattern is…

A

Pulsatile (beating rythmically)

22
Q

Where are gonadroph cells found?
What do they contain?

A

-Anterior pituitary gland
-Contain GnRH receptors for the GnRH hormone

23
Q

GnRH must be released in a …

A

Pulsatile manner for it to have an intracellular effect

24
Q

What are the similarities & differences between structures of LH and FSH hormones

A

-both have same alpha subunit but different beta subunits
-both containing N-linked glycosylation sites

25
Q

LH is released every single time ____________ is released
FSH on the other hand…

A

GnRH is released
Does not follow pattern of GnRH release (only during surge which happens just before ovulation) (anki cards diagram)

26
Q

Name the functions of the ovaries

A

On GoodNotes

27
Q

Reproduction in female. Is regulated by which axis?
Reproduction in male. Is regulated by which axis?

A

hypothalamo-pituitary- ovarian axis

hypothalamo-pituitary- testicular axis

28
Q

Name the functions of the testes

A

On goodnotes

29
Q

Gonadotrophins stimulate secretion of which steroid and peptide hormones from ovaries?

A

Oestradiol
Progesterone
Androgens

30
Q

Most hormone release from ovaries is positive or negative feedback?

A

Negative

31
Q

Which hormone release is the only exception to not being a negative feedback but positive?

A

Oestradiol in females during surge & lead up to ovulation of egg

32
Q

Is the pattern of GnRH release important?

A

YES

33
Q

What makes up the HPG (hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis)

A

Hypothalamus, pituitary gland and testis/ovary

Module 5 Week 1 (14 decks)

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