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Geography > shaping earth's crust > Flashcards

shaping earth's crust Flashcards

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1
Q

Weathering

A

Breakdown and decay of rocks that are exposed to weather

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2
Q

Two main types of weathering

A

Mechanical

Chemical

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3
Q

Mechanical weathering example

A

Freeze thaw action/frost action

  1. Water runs into joint/crack in rock
  2. Water freezes, expands, putting pressure on rock
  3. After freezing + thawing, rock fragments break off
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4
Q

Chemical weathering example - rainwater on limestone

A
  1. Rainwater travels through atmosphere
  2. Mixes with carbon dioxide
  3. Makes weak carbonic acid
  4. Falls on limestone
  5. Changes calcium carbonate (in limestone) to calcium bi carbonate
  6. Process/reaction is carbonation
  7. Makes it easier for rainwater to dissolve limestone
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5
Q

The burren

A

Carbonation causes rock to dissolve.

Little material is left ons surface to form soil, appears as bare rock

Landscape looks v barren, known as limestone pavement

Surface covered in lots of cracks. Water has laid in these cracks for long.

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6
Q

Grykes

A

The cracks in the rocks

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7
Q

Clints

A

The slabs of rocks

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8
Q

Swallow hole

A

Sometimes grykes may get bigger and a swallow hole will be formed.

Lets water flow underground,

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9
Q

Cave

A

As water flows beneath surface, it dissolves limestone and cuts out tunnels called caves

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10
Q

Cavern

A

If cave is enlarged, its called a cavern

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11
Q

Stalactite

A

Water containing calcium carbonate drips from ceiling.

Evaporation takes place leaving deposits of calcite

Deposits build up over time to form stalactites

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12
Q

Stalagmite

A

Water containing calcium carbonate drips from ceiling to floor

Evaporation takes place leaving deposits of calcite on floor

Deposits build up over time to form stalagmites

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13
Q

Pillar/column

A

Formed when stalactite and stalagmite join together

or when stalactite reaches ground or stalagmite reaches ceiling

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14
Q

Flora

A

Burn has varied plant life and many rare plants can be found such as orchids, ferns, avens

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15
Q

Fauna

A

Burren’s wildlife includes green moth, butterlies, wild goats

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16
Q

Landscape

A

Burren ha wide range of scenery for tourists. Attraction include Aliwee caves and Cliffs of Moher

17
Q

History

A

Burren’s monuments and archaeological sites provide evidence of historical settlements. These include dolmens and ring forts

18
Q

Mass movement

A

Movement of any loose material down slope under influence of gravith.

Loose material incl. loose rock, mud, soil (regolith)

19
Q

Influences of mass movement

A

Gradient

Water content

Human acitivity

Vegetation

20
Q

Gradient

A

Fastest when slope is steep

21
Q

Water content

A

Water acts as lubricant, making regolith heavier + surface slippery

22
Q

Human acitivty

A

Cutting into hillside during construction of roads + railways creat steeper slope

23
Q

Vegetation

A

Roots of trees + plants bind soil together, slowing down rate of mass movement

24
Q

Types of mass movement

A

Classified by speed

slow:
Soil creep

fast:
landslide
bog burst
avalanche

25
Q

soil creep

A

occur on very gentle slopes

might not be noticed except for effect on surface objects eg. leaning poles, fences, walls

greatest near surface, decreases with depth

26
Q

landslides

A

Sudden rapid movement of regolith down slope

most common in mountainous areas

may occur along coastal cliffs which have been undermined by sea erosion

27
Q

causes of landslides

A

road/railway cutting into steep slope

constant erosion by waves causing undercutting of cliffs

earthquakes and their aftershocks can trigger landslides

28
Q

Bog burst

A

movement of peat down hillside

caused by heavy rain saturating peat

can be caused by human activity such as excavation

29
Q

mudflows

A

can occur on both gentle + steep slopes

torrential rainfall saturated soil and turns into mud

can occur after volcanic eruption

lahar is a volcanic landslide, mud mixes with lava + ash

30
Q

Denudation

A

Wearing down of solid + loose materials of Earth’s crust

Occurs by weathering + erosion

Geography (25 decks)

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