Economic inequality pt 2 Flashcards by J J

Q

Negatives of aid

A

Countries become dependent on aid
Corruption - aid can be stolen
Tied aid - richer country can benefit mire
More spending on arms and weapons

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Q

Ireland’s aid programme Bilateral aid - Ethiopia

A

€26 mil in 2013
One of poorest countries in world
Irish Aid since 1994
Focuses on: Food security, Health, Education, HIV/AIDS, Governance

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Q

Ireland’s aid programme - Bilateral aid to Ethiopia

Food security

A

Work for food programme - exchange labour for food or wages, saves lives - 7 mil from starvation.
Supports work to provide sustainable food supply

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Q

Ireland’s aid programme - Bilateral aid to Ethiopia

Health

A

€16 mil on health centres, vaccinations, drugs, school supplies
Construction of water pipes and wells

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Q

Ireland’s aid programme - Bilateral aid to Ethiopia

Education

A

Support for 30,000 healthcare workers - education 9 assistance to ensure babies delivered safely

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Q

Ireland’s aid programme - Bilateral aid to Ethiopia

HIV/AIDs

A

Estimate 2 mil live with HIV/AIDS
1 mil children orphaned by it
14% Irish aid spent on work against it

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Q

Ireland’s aid programme - Bilateral aid to Ethiopia

Governance

A

6% Irish aid spent on governance issues

Reforming shstems, supporting human rights, tackling corruption

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Q

Ireland’s aid programme - Multilateral aid

A

To UN + EU each year
€95.4m to UN, €23m to EU in 2010
Many used in aid programmes

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Q

Ireland’s aid programme - Emergency aid

A

Philippines in 2010 - tents and blankets to 350,000 homeless people

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Q

Ireland’s aid programme - Ireland’s NGOs

A

Contribute to developing countries
Educate people to provide for own needs
Trócaire, Concern, Bóthar, Goal

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Q

Positives of aid

A

Vital in times of natural disaster.
Healthcare and education improve
Relationships and links can be forged
NGOs help up skill local people to help themselves.

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Q

Factors affecting ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

A

Climate
Rapid population growth
War
Expenditure on weapons

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Q

Sudan’s problems

A

Climate
Rapid population growth
War
Expenditure on arms

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Q

Sudan’s problems - Climate

A

North Sudan - desert, little vegetation
South Sudan - little rainfall
Difficult to grow crops & feed people
Drought + famine

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Q

Sudan’s problems - Rapid population growth

A

High birth rate
Population growing quickly
Only 46% women are literate. Most have at least 4 children

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Q

Sudan’s problems - War

A

Two ethnic groups, Arab Muslims in north, Christians in south.
Long civil war between two groups 1983-2002
Farming, health, education services distrupted

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Q

Sudan’s problems - Expenditure on arms

A

Lots of money on weapons spent

1993 gov spent 9 times more on army than on healthcare

Q

Economic inequality in EU

A

Economic inequality present.
Core region (Manchester Milan axis) very wealthy.
Parts of periphery - poorer eg. southern Italy, north + west Ireland, Scotland.
Many new members - poorest countries. Economies have yet to catch up with Western Europe

Q

Economic inequality in Ireland

A

Border Midland Western (BMW) region - poorer

Southern + Eastern - wealthier

Q

Why difference exists

A

Population
Landscape and relief
Infrastructure
Economic activity

Q

Economic inequality: Ireland - South and East

Population

A

High pop. density + immigration
3 mil. people
70% of pop.

Q

Economic inequality: Ireland - South and East

Landscape and relief

A

Mainly lowland
mid climate
fertile soils

Q

Economic inequality: Ireland - South and East

Infrastructure

A

Well-developed networks

Airports - Dublin, Shannon, Cork

Q

Economic inequality: Ireland - South and East

Economic activity

A

95% in service industry
High income + standard of living
Variety of services
Attractive for industry

Economic inequality: Ireland - BMW region Population

Low pop. density High emigration 1 mil. people 30% of pop.

Economic inequality: Ireland - BMW region Landscape and relief

Mountain regions Blanket bogland Heavily leached soils

Economic inequality: Ireland - BMW region Infrastructure

Poor road network One major airport - Knock One motorway (Galway to Dublin)

Economic inequality: Ireland - BMW region Economic activity

``` 15% subsistence agriculture Unproductive farms Part-time farmers Lack of services Unattractive for industry ```

Economic Inequality: Italy

North of Italy - wealthy region | South of Italy (Mezzogiorno) - poor region

Economic inequality: Italy - North of Italy Population

High population density in large urban centres eg. Milan, Turin, Genoa High in-migration levels

Economic inequality: Italy - North of Italy Landscape and relief

Low-lying land in northern plains Very fertile soils Fertile flood plains of River Po Very profitable + productive cereal-farming industry

Economic inequality: Italy - North of Italy Infrastructure

Good road networks Excellent rail networks Several major airports Good access to markets

Economic inequality: Italy - North of Italy Economic activity

``` Highly industrialised Good supply of HEP (hydroelectric power) Low unemployment in industrial triangle - Milam, Turin, Genoa High living standard Good supply of services ```

Economic inequality: Italy - South of Italy (Mezzogiorno) Population

High out-migration levels Young educated people leaving Low population density Ageing population

Economic inequality: Italy - South of Italy (Mezzogiorno) Landscape and relief

85% mountainous (Apennines) Poor soils (terra rossa) Mediterranean climate Summer drought

Economic inequality: Italy - South of Italy (Mezzogiorno) Infrastructure

Poor infrastructure | Autostrada (motorway) built linking north to south

Economic inequality: Italy - South of Italy (Mezzogiorno) Economic activity

``` High unemployment levels Low living standard Subsistence farming Cash crops eg. citrus fruits Industrial triangle - Hari, Brindisi, Taranto Tourism ```

Cassa per il Mezzogiorno

``` Funding scheme (fund for the south) Introduced in 1950s Irrigation schemes Autostrada roads built New airports opened State-owned companies told to invest Industrial triangle developed Recognised as disadvantaged region - receives EU funding ```

Solutions to economic inequality

Aid Fair trade Debt

Solutions to economic inequality Aid

Much reach intended targets Must be focused on education Tied aid must cease as allows exploitation

Solutions to economic inequality Fair trade

Must receive fair price for products Exploitation must not be allowed Abolish taxes on imported goods Stop child labour, low wages, exploitation of workers

Solutions to economic inequality Debt

Clear loans (developing world owed 500 billion dollars in 2005) Some countries debt cancelled in 2005 Debt cancellation - positive results in 18 countries Zambia used savings to invest in health, education, infrastructure