shaffers stages of attachment✅ Flashcards
what are the 4 stages of attachment?
1- asocial stage
2- indiscriminate attachment
3- specific attachment
4- multiple attachments
asocial stage:
when does this usually take place?
what two things do babies act the same towards?
within the first few weeks
inanimate objects and humans
indiscriminate attachment:
when does this happen?
what do babies usually prefer a this stage?
what do babies not show?
why is it known as indiscriminate?
2-7 months
preference for familiar people rather then inanimate objects
stranger or separation anxiety
the attachment is indiscriminate because its the same to all
specific attachment:
when does this happen?
what two things do babies experience when separated from one specific adults
why does this happen?
what traits is this person most likely tor have?
from around 7 months
separation and stranger anxiety
bc the baby may have formed an attachment with this adult as their PCG
responds to babys signals and interacts the most
multiple attachments:
when does this usually happen?
what type of attachments usually occur around this period?
what % did shaffer and Emerson find of babies that formed secondary attachments one month after forming primary ones?
after 1 year
secondary attachments with other adults
29%
study- staffer and Emersons stages of attachment:
how many babies did they use and how often did they monitor mother and baby?
how was separation anxiety measured?
how was stranger anxiety measured?
60 babies, listed at their homes very month for a year and at 18 months
asking mothers how their babies behaviour was during every separations
asking mothers how their children act when with unfamiliar adults
findings?
what percentage of. babies showed separation anxiety to an unfamiliar adult between 25-32 weeks of age?
who was the attach. usually strongest with?
and who wasnt this always?
50%
with he CG who was most interactive and sensitive to infant signals and facial expressions. wasn’t always the person who spent the most time with the baby
AO3:
✅ 2 strengths
✅good external validity - babies behaviour. isnt likely to change due to being observed so ppts behave naturally
✅ study was carried out longitudinally so there Same children were observed over a long period of time - good bc theres no confounding variables and theres high internal validity
AO3
❌2 weaknesses
❌ may be problems with how the attachments are assessed . just bc a baby gets distressed when someone leaves the room doesnt mean they are a true attachment figure
❌ theres problems studying the asocial year, babies might acc be quite social but flawed methods appear them to be asocial. important interactions also take place during this period
