⭐️ animal studies✅ Flashcards
who wee the two psychologists?
what did they look into?
Lorenz and harlow
Lorenz = imprinting harlow = importance of contact comfort
LORENZ - IMPRINTING
procedure?
findings?
what did Lorenz identify about the crucial period?
divided 12 Goose eggs into 2 groups:
1- half hatched with the mother
2- half hatched in an incubator with Lorenz
he then mixed all the goslings and seen who they followed
the incubator group followed Lorenz, the control group followed the mother
imprinting needed to take place in the critical period eg few hours after hatching , if imprinting didnt happen in. this time them they the chicks didnt form an attachment to a ‘mother figure’
HARLOW:
what were the 2 conditions?
what was measured?
what did they do to further measure attachment behaviour ?
16 monkeys with two fake ‘mothers’. - cloth and wire
cond 1- milk dispensed by wire mom, not by cloth mom
cond 2- milk dispensed by cloth mom, not wire mom
the monkeys preferences was measured
the reaction of the monkeys to more frightening situations eg novel situations with noise making teddy bears
HARLOW:
findings?
who did the baby monkeys cuddle more?
what did they do in condition 1 where the wire mother only had milk?
what does this show?
when frightened, which mother did they lost go to?
what traits did the adult monkeys have who suffered real life motherly deprivation?
baby monkeys cuddled the soft object as opposed to the wire one, regardless of who dispensed the milk
they go and get milk off her and go straight back to the cloth mother
suggests contact. comfort is more important then food when it comes to attachment behaviour
the cloth mother
they were more aggressive, less sociable and less skilled when mating with other monkeys.
AO3:
✅ 2 strengths
✅There are practical advantages to such research. Animals can be controlled more exactly than humans and observed more continuously. Their lack of self-awareness reduces the likelihood of demand characteristics in experimental conditions. Their faster breeding cycles makes it possible to observe development in an experimental timeframe of days or weeks, rather than the years it would take for humans.
✅ harlows research has important practical applications , the usefulness increases the value and validity. research findings influenced researchers such as bowlby IWM
A03:
❌ 4 weaknesses
❌ cant generalise birds to humans - mammalian attachment is very different to bird attachment , mammalian mothers have more emotional attachment with the young
❌some of Lorenz’s observations and confusions have been questioned - guiton found the effects of imprinting aren’t as long lasting as he belived
❌ hallows contact comfort notion opposes the classical condition idea that food is the main drive for attachment
❌ could be considered unethical, the boy geese became attached to Lorenz for the sake of a study then when. he left they may have been confused or upset, not fair to do tat too them - both had irreversible effects on the animals
